Dify guides: first release, English set, 20 September 2026

Eight step-by-step guides, appendices (design patterns, design card with eight filled-in examples, AI tools in education), facilitator guide and presentation. LeX Consultancy edition; screenshots from the Dutch build of the same apps. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-09-20 23:09:39 +02:00
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 Appendix to the Dify guides: an overview of the AI tools that are already present in schools and
 how they relate to what you build in Dify. No images. Build: python3 build.py
 State of play: 20 September 2026. Written for schools in the EU; national assessments differ, so
 the column "State of play" points to what a school should check with its own national bodies.
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 # AI tools in education: what is already there, and where Dify fits
 **Appendix to the AI Agents workshop**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 Almost everyone in the room already uses an AI tool: Copilot because the school has Microsoft, Gemini because the school has Google, ChatGPT because it is the best known. This appendix puts the tools side by side in plain words: what it is, where it already sits in school, what a school should check, and when to use it or not. At the end is where Dify fits in this landscape, because Dify is not yet another chatbot but a building layer on top of these tools.
 Everything below is the state of play on **20 September 2026**. This market changes every quarter. For decisions about use at school you always look at the current advice of your national education bodies and data protection authority.
 > The most important sentence of this appendix: **the difference is not the model but the account.** The same chatbot with a free private account is something quite different from the same chatbot with a school account under a data processing agreement. In the first case your conversations can be used to train the model and you have no rights; in the second case there are agreements about that. So never ask "may we use ChatGPT?" but "under which account, with which data, for which task?"
 ---
 ## Three layers
 It helps to keep three layers apart. Most discussions at school are about layer 1; most of the gain is in layers 2 and 3.
 | Layer | What it is | Examples | Who decides |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | **1. Chatbot** | You type a question, you get an answer. Every time you explain again what you want. | ChatGPT, the Gemini app, Claude, Le Chat, Copilot Chat | The user themselves, often without the school knowing |
 | **2. Assistant in your office suite** | AI in the tools you already have: summarise mail, draft a presentation, explain a table. | Microsoft 365 Copilot, Gemini in Workspace for Education | The school, through licences and settings |
 | **3. Building platform** | You build an app with fixed steps, your own rules and your own documents, and share it with colleagues. | Dify, Copilot Studio, Gems (Google), GPTs and Projects (OpenAI), Projects (Claude) | The school, per app; this is what this workshop is about |
 A chatbot (layer 1) is handy for someone who can steer well themselves. An app (layer 3) takes over that steering: the rules are built in, so a colleague who never wrote a prompt still gets a good result. That is exactly why the guides build apps rather than hand out prompts.
 ---
 ## The tools side by side
 ### Microsoft Copilot
 | | |
 | --- | --- |
 | **From** | Microsoft (US), models from OpenAI and its own models |
 | **Where it already sits in school** | In Microsoft 365: Copilot Chat with a school account is often already there; Microsoft 365 Copilot (in Word, Outlook, Teams) is a separate licence |
 | **State of play** | Several European education bodies have carried out data protection impact assessments on Microsoft 365 Copilot; the general line in 2025-2026 is cautious use with school agreements in place first. Check the assessment of your own national body |
 | **Suited for** | Working in your own documents and mail, summaries of Teams meetings, first drafts of texts |
 | **Watch out** | Copilot Chat with a school account (data stays in the tenant) is something different from Copilot in the browser with a private account. Check which one you have. Copilot Studio is Microsoft's building platform; comparable to Dify, but tied to Microsoft |
 ### Google Gemini
 | | |
 | --- | --- |
 | **From** | Google (US) |
 | **Where it already sits in school** | In Workspace for Education: Gemini in Docs, Gmail and Classroom, the Gemini app, NotebookLM, Gems |
 | **State of play** | Assessments by education bodies are ongoing in several countries; Google meanwhile switches Gemini on in more and more components, and administrators can switch it off per component |
 | **Suited for** | Working in Google documents, NotebookLM for learning from your own sources, Gems as a simple assistant of your own |
 | **Watch out** | Wait with use by students until an assessment is done. Check what your administrator has switched on; defaults change with updates |
 ### ChatGPT (OpenAI)
 | | |
 | --- | --- |
 | **From** | OpenAI (US) |
 | **Where it already sits in school** | Usually not through school; massively in private use by teachers and students |
 | **State of play** | With a free or Plus account conversations can by default be used for training (can be switched off in the settings); with Team, Enterprise and Edu not, and a data processing agreement is then possible |
 | **Suited for** | The broadest ecosystem: GPTs, Projects, voice, images. For personal use by the teacher without school data |
 | **Watch out** | Never student data or unpublished test material in a private account. Through the API (as in Dify) different conditions apply than in the app: by default no training on API traffic |
 ### Claude (Anthropic)
 | | |
 | --- | --- |
 | **From** | Anthropic (US) |
 | **Where it already sits in school** | Rarely through school; available as a model through Dify |
 | **State of play** | Claude for Education and a learning mode exist, aimed mainly at higher education. Business accounts do not train on conversations |
 | **Suited for** | Reading and rewriting long documents, careful language, Projects with your own sources. In Dify's Agent Console one of the compatible models |
 | **Watch out** | Same rule as for ChatGPT: the account determines what is allowed. More expensive per answer than gpt-5-mini |
 ### Mistral (Le Chat)
 | | |
 | --- | --- |
 | **From** | Mistral AI (France) |
 | **Where it already sits in school** | Rarely through school |
 | **State of play** | European provider, falls under EU law and hosting in the EU is possible; some models are open (you can run them yourself) |
 | **Suited for** | Anyone who wants a European provider or wants to self-host; strong in French and other European languages |
 | **Watch out** | Smaller ecosystem; fewer ready-made education features. Here too: a free account is not the same as a business account |
 ### DeepSeek
 | | |
 | --- | --- |
 | **From** | DeepSeek (China) |
 | **Where it already sits in school** | Not through school |
 | **State of play** | The app and the website process data on servers in China; several European data protection authorities have warned about it. The open models can be hosted by European parties |
 | **Suited for** | Only as an open model, hosted by a party in the EU, for those who want to experiment technically |
 | **Watch out** | Do not use with school data through the app. The model is not the problem, the processing is |
 ### Grok (xAI)
 | | |
 | --- | --- |
 | **From** | xAI (US), intertwined with X |
 | **Where it already sits in school** | Not through school |
 | **State of play** | No meaningful use in education; repeated controversies about unfiltered output and the use of X posts for training |
 | **Suited for** | Nothing in a school context |
 | **Watch out** | Do not use. Do mention it in media literacy lessons: students meet it on X |
 ### Perplexity
 | | |
 | --- | --- |
 | **From** | Perplexity (US) |
 | **Where it already sits in school** | Not through school; popular with students as a "search engine" |
 | **State of play** | No education assessment. Searches the web and gives sources |
 | **Suited for** | Exploratory searching with sources; check the sources yourself afterwards |
 | **Watch out** | The sources are not always the best, and the summary is not always what the source says |
 ### NotebookLM
 | | |
 | --- | --- |
 | **From** | Google (US) |
 | **Where it already sits in school** | Part of Workspace for Education (the administrator can switch it on or off) |
 | **State of play** | Falls under the Google assessments of your education body; check whether your administrator has switched it on |
 | **Suited for** | Learning from your own sources: summary, questions, an audio overview of a chapter |
 | **Watch out** | Only with material you may upload. The same rules as for a knowledge base in Dify |
 ### European public models
 | | |
 | --- | --- |
 | **From** | National and European public initiatives (for example the Dutch GPT-NL, the EU's OpenEuroLLM and similar projects) |
 | **Where it already sits in school** | Not yet in schools |
 | **State of play** | Language models in development with attention to lawful training data and European values; meant for public organisations |
 | **Suited for** | In time: a model whose data provenance is known |
 | **Watch out** | Not yet a product you use today; do follow it |
 ---
 ## Four questions for every tool
 Whether it is Copilot or an app you build yourself in Dify, the same four questions determine whether it is allowed and whether it is wise.
 1. **Under which account?** Private, free, paid, or a school account with a data processing agreement. Only in the last case does the school have a say in what happens to the data.
 2. **Which data goes in?** No personal data of students, parents or colleagues, unless the tool has been assessed for that. Unpublished test material and confidential documents count too.
 3. **Is it trained on what you enter?** With consumer accounts often yes by default (sometimes you can switch it off), with business accounts and API use usually no. Check it; do not take a colleague's word for it.
 4. **Who decides and who checks?** A tool one teacher uses for themselves is something different from a tool students use. For the second a school decision is needed, and someone who checks the output.
 Aids that already exist:
 - **The assessment framework of your national education body** for AI systems under the EU AI Act: most countries now have a decision tree and checklists for school and supplier. Use it at procurement and for every tool that touches students.
 - **Team agreements about generative AI**: many education bodies publish a toolkit to make agreements as a team. Do that before the tools, not after.
 - **The rule of thumb on age**: several education bodies advise that children under 13 do not work with generative AI independently.
 - **The impact assessments of your national bodies** on Microsoft and Google: the only independent assessments for the education sector. Other providers have no such assessment; that does not mean they are unsafe, but it does mean the school has to find out for itself.
 ---
 ## GDPR and the AI Act in brief
 Two laws determine what is allowed. The **GDPR** is about personal data, the **EU AI Act** about AI systems. They overlap, but ask different questions.
 **GDPR: who is responsible for the data?**
 - The school is the controller. Dify (cloud, outside the EU) and the model provider (OpenAI, Anthropic, Google) are processors. Without a data processing agreement no personal data may go in, and a sandbox account has no such agreement. That is why the guides work with fictional material.
 - As soon as an app processes data of students, parents or colleagues (a name in a parent letter, a personal message to the Study coach that goes to the teacher), you need a legal basis, data minimisation, a retention period for the logs and, for high risk, a data protection impact assessment. With students that is almost always high risk.
 - Transfer outside the EU needs a legal basis (for example the EU-US Data Privacy Framework for US providers that fall under it); check that per provider, it changes.
 **AI Act: what kind of system is it, and what do you have to do?**
 | Part | Since | What it means for a school |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | Art. 4, AI literacy | 2 February 2025 | Whoever uses AI makes sure staff know enough about it. A workshop like this is such a measure; record who attended |
 | Art. 5, prohibited practices | 2 February 2025 | Among others emotion recognition in education. Do not use a tool that measures the mood or attention of students |
 | Annex III, high risk in education | planned August 2026; in 2025-2026 a delay was discussed, check the current state | Admission and placement, assessing learning outcomes or level, proctoring tests. Then heavy requirements apply to supplier and school: risk management, human oversight, documentation, registration |
 | Art. 50, transparency | August 2026 | A chatbot lets people know they are talking to AI; AI-generated content is made recognisable as such where relevant |
 The apps in this series (rewriting text, answering questions from a school guide, drafting messages, summarising a transcript) take no decisions about people and do not fall under high risk. The line is close: a Study coach that explains and gives hints is not high risk; the same coach that would record who does not understand the material and report that to the teacher as an assessment would be. That is a design choice, and the design card asks about it in box 4.
 ## The EU competence frameworks: where building fits
 The AI Act says that staff must be AI literate; two European frameworks say what that means.
 - The **AI Literacy Framework for Primary and Secondary Education** (OECD and European Commission, final in 2026) describes four competence domains for students, each with knowledge, skills and attitudes: **Engage with AI** (understanding how it works and dealing with it responsibly), **Create with AI** (making something with it), **Manage AI** (using and monitoring it responsibly) and **Shape AI** (making choices and exerting influence).
 - **DigCompEdu** is the European framework for the digital competences of teachers (six areas, from professional engagement to fostering students' digital competence); the Commission has added supplements for AI and data.
 The guide series and the workshop touch all four domains, and that can be used in a professional development plan:
 | Domain | In the series |
 | --- | --- |
 | Engage with AI | Three layers, five patterns, sabotaging the agent, the knowledge base that splits wrongly |
 | Create with AI | The building blocks: workflow, agent, chatflow, gatekeeper, agent console |
 | Manage AI | Gatekeeper and self-critique, the human in the loop, Logs, the checklists for your own material, the four questions |
 | Shape AI | The design card, the pitch, the choice of where the human belongs and what an app must never decide |
 Sources: ailiteracyframework.org and education.ec.europa.eu (AI Literacy Framework); joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu (DigCompEdu).
 ## Where Dify fits
 Dify is not a model and not a chatbot. It is a building platform (layer 3) that calls the models of the providers above through their API. In the guides you chose a model per app: usually gpt-5-mini from OpenAI, in the Agent Console also Claude or Gemini. Three consequences:
 **1. You choose the model per task, and can switch.** Rewriting a parent letter can be done with a small, cheap model. Analysing a long policy document asks for a bigger model. In Dify you change that in one menu, without the user of the app noticing. If a European model good enough arrives tomorrow, you put that underneath.
 **2. API traffic is not the same as the chatbot.** What goes through the API of OpenAI, Anthropic or Google is by default not used to train models, and there is a business agreement. That is a better position than a free chatbot account. But the data still goes to a processor outside the school, usually outside the EU. The rules from the four questions still apply.
 **3. Dify cloud itself is a processor too.** The sandbox account from the workshop runs on Dify's servers, outside the EU. For practising with fictional material that is fine. For real use with school data there are two routes: host Dify yourself (it is open source) or run it in an environment of your school or trust with central model keys. Guide 5 (Transcription tool) shows how to move a prototype out of the cloud.
 **When to use what**
 | Situation | Take |
 | --- | --- |
 | A quick question, a first draft, something for yourself | The chatbot your school has an account for (Copilot Chat or Gemini with a school account) |
 | A task that comes back every week and has to follow rules (house style, format, sources) | An app in Dify, or in the building platform of your suite (Copilot Studio, Gems) |
 | Working in your own documents and mail | Microsoft 365 Copilot or Gemini in Workspace, once your school leadership has taken a decision based on the assessments |
 | Something for students | First the school decision, the assessment framework and the age limit; only then the tool |
 | Experimenting with what is possible | Dify with fictional material, as in this workshop |
 ---
 ## To remember
 - The account determines more than the brand.
 - GDPR: no personal data without a data processing agreement. AI Act: literacy is mandatory, assessing students is high risk, a chatbot says it is AI.
 - Copilot and Gemini are already in school; whether they may be switched on is a leadership decision based on the assessments of your education bodies, not the choice of an individual teacher.
 - ChatGPT, Claude and Mistral are fine tools for the teacher themselves, without school data, and as the model under an app.
 - The DeepSeek app and Grok stay out of school.
 - You put Dify on top of these models: you build the rules in, choose the model per task and can switch when the market changes. For real use the building layer belongs with the school or trust, not in a free cloud account.
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 import runpy, sys
 from pathlib import Path
 sys.argv = ["build_guide.py", str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "ai-tools-in-education.md")]
 runpy.run_path(str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "_tools" / "build_guide.py"), run_name="__main__")
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 import runpy, sys
 from pathlib import Path
 here = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
 build = here.parent / "_tools" / "build_guide.py"
 for md in [here / "design-card.md"] + sorted((here / "examples").glob("*.md")):
    sys.argv = ["build_guide.py", str(md)]
    runpy.run_path(str(build), run_name="__main__")
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 FOR THE EDITOR
 Single A4 for the Dify guides. No images. Build: python3 build.py
 STYLE: compact (smaller type, see build_guide.py)
 Meant to be printed and filled in with a pen before anyone starts clicking in Dify.
 -->
 # Design card: your app in five boxes
 **For the AI Agents workshop · fill this in before you build**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 Fill in first, then build. One card per app, with a pen, at most three lines per box.
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | Who uses the app, and in which situation? One person, not "everyone". What does that person already know, what do they have no time for? <br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; | What does the user paste or choose? Text, a file, a choice from a short list? Which questions do you always ask before you write something for someone? Those are your input fields. <br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | Describe the end product as if it already exists: how long, which headings, in which language, readable for whom. Write out one example by hand. <br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; | Which rules of your school or team apply? House style, form of address, what it must never invent, when it must say "I do not know". Which document contains those rules? That is your knowledge base. <br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; |
 **5. How you know it works**
 Three test cases, written down before you build: two ordinary ones and one where the app must refuse or ask further. Only when all three go well do you share the link.
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | &nbsp;<br>&nbsp; | &nbsp;<br>&nbsp; |
 | 2 | &nbsp;<br>&nbsp; | &nbsp;<br>&nbsp; |
 | 3 (the hard one) | &nbsp;<br>&nbsp; | &nbsp;<br>&nbsp; |
 | If... | Then you build a... | See guide |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | the steps are always the same and the user fills in a form | **Workflow** | 1, 3 (School news), 5, 7 |
 | the user asks questions and the app has to search in a document | **Agent with knowledge base** | 2, 3 (Parent letter, Reception) |
 | it is a conversation with different kinds of questions, memory and sometimes a person | **Chatflow** | 8 |
 | the app has to work out for itself what is needed, read files or search the web | **Agent Console** | 4, 6 |
 **Before you click Create**
 - [ ] Box 1 names one person, not an audience
 - [ ] Box 3 contains a written-out example
 - [ ] The document in box 4 contains no personal data and may go to an external processor
 - [ ] There is an owner, you know who gets the link, and you know what one run costs
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 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Filled-in design card for guide 1, generated by make_examples.py in the folder above;
 do not edit by hand but change the data in that script. Build: python3 build.py
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 # Design card: Text at level
 **For the AI Agents workshop · filled-in example for guide 1**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 This is what the card looks like once filled in. Form: **Workflow**, guide 1. Compare with your own card: does box 1 name one person, and does box 5 have a test that must fail?
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | An English teacher with a reading text from the course book that is too hard for half of Year 9. Has ten minutes before the lesson and does not want to rewrite it by hand. | The text (pasted, a Paragraph field) and the level from a short list: year 6, year 7, year 9, year 12 (a Select field). |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | The text rewritten at the chosen level, with all the content kept and technical terms explained in a subordinate clause; below it three comprehension questions (fact, main idea, application) without answers. | Short sentences, leave nothing out, do not replace technical terms. No knowledge base needed: the rules live in the prompts of the two LLM steps. |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | A paragraph from a geography course book, level year 7 | Shorter sentences, same facts, three questions that are about the text |
 | 2 | The same paragraph, level year 12 | Barely simplified, questions at analysis level |
 | 3 (the hard one) | A text with a table of figures, level year 6 | The figures stay correct; the app invents no new numbers |
 **What this card decided**
 - Boxes 1 and 2 decided the input fields and the first question of the app.
 - Box 4 decided the form (Workflow) and what had to go into the knowledge base or the files.
 - Test 3 decided which rule had to be in the instruction literally; without that test it would have been forgotten.
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 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Filled-in design card for guide 2, generated by make_examples.py in the folder above;
 do not edit by hand but change the data in that script. Build: python3 build.py
 STYLE: compact (smaller type, see build_guide.py)
 -->
 # Design card: School guide assistant
 **For the AI Agents workshop · filled-in example for guide 2**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 This is what the card looks like once filled in. Form: **Agent with knowledge base**, guide 2. Compare with your own card: does box 1 name one person, and does box 5 have a test that must fail?
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | A parent who wants to know at 21:30 whether their child has to report sick at reception tomorrow or can phone. Has never read the school guide. | One question in plain language, in the chat. No form. |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | An answer of at most five sentences in plain English, with the chapter of the school guide it comes from. Or: "that is not in the school guide, please call reception". | Only answers from the school guide in the knowledge base (school-guide-example-college.pdf); invent nothing; refer on when in doubt. Knowledge base: the school guide, split per paragraph. |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | What time does the first lesson start? | The right time, with a reference to the chapter on lesson times |
 | 2 | May my child bring a phone? | The phone rule from the school guide, briefly |
 | 3 (the hard one) | What is the head teacher's salary? | "That is not in the school guide" and a referral to reception |
 **What this card decided**
 - Boxes 1 and 2 decided the input fields and the first question of the app.
 - Box 4 decided the form (Agent with knowledge base) and what had to go into the knowledge base or the files.
 - Test 3 decided which rule had to be in the instruction literally; without that test it would have been forgotten.
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 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Filled-in design card for guide 3, generated by make_examples.py in the folder above;
 do not edit by hand but change the data in that script. Build: python3 build.py
 STYLE: compact (smaller type, see build_guide.py)
 -->
 # Design card: Parent letter assistant
 **For the AI Agents workshop · filled-in example for guide 3**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 This is what the card looks like once filled in. Form: **Agent with knowledge base**, guide 3. Compare with your own card: does box 1 name one person, and does box 5 have a test that must fail?
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | A form tutor who at 16:00 still has to send a letter about next week's school trip and has three woolly paragraphs. Wants the letter to sound like the school, not like themselves. | The draft letter or loose sentences, pasted into the chat. If the class or the requested action is missing, the agent asks for it. |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | The rewritten letter with a subject line, in the style of the style guide (B1, formal address, structure), and below it "What I changed": at most five points with the rule for each. Missing facts as [FILL IN]. | The style guide of Example College (style-guide-example-college.pdf) in the knowledge base; invent no dates, names or appointments; no introduction or compliment from the agent itself. |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | A woolly letter about a parents' evening | A short letter with date, time, place and what the parent must do; five improvement points |
 | 2 | Two loose sentences without a class | The agent first asks which class the letter is for |
 | 3 (the hard one) | A letter without the date of the trip | [FILL IN] where the date should be, no invented date |
 **What this card decided**
 - Boxes 1 and 2 decided the input fields and the first question of the app.
 - Box 4 decided the form (Agent with knowledge base) and what had to go into the knowledge base or the files.
 - Test 3 decided which rule had to be in the instruction literally; without that test it would have been forgotten.
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 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Filled-in design card for guide 4, generated by make_examples.py in the folder above;
 do not edit by hand but change the data in that script. Build: python3 build.py
 STYLE: compact (smaller type, see build_guide.py)
 -->
 # Design card: Test week planner
 **For the AI Agents workshop · filled-in example for guide 4**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 This is what the card looks like once filled in. Form: **Agent Console**, guide 4. Compare with your own card: does box 1 name one person, and does box 5 have a test that must fail?
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | A Year 8 student, three weeks before the test week, who does not know where to start. Has the timetable, a phone and an hour and a half in the evenings. | The exam timetable (as a file attached to the agent: exam-timetable-example.csv), the moments the student can study, and per subject easy/average/hard. The agent asks for them one at a time. |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | A plan per day in the chat (block, subject, time, material) and two files from the sandbox: study-plan.xlsx and study-plan.ics for the phone calendar. Closing with the question whether anything should move. | Five planning rules (hard subjects double, every subject twice, blocks of 25-45 min with a break, the evening before a test revision only, nothing outside the given moments); no grades or judgements; keep nothing. Tool: CurrentTime for the date. |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | Timetable, moments and difficulty filled in | A plan that meets all five rules, plus xlsx and ics |
 | 2 | "Put maths on Tuesday evening" while Wednesday is history | The agent explains why that clashes with the revision rule and offers an alternative |
 | 3 (the hard one) | "Will I pass my test?" | No prediction; back to the plan |
 **What this card decided**
 - Boxes 1 and 2 decided the input fields and the first question of the app.
 - Box 4 decided the form (Agent Console) and what had to go into the knowledge base or the files.
 - Test 3 decided which rule had to be in the instruction literally; without that test it would have been forgotten.
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 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Filled-in design card for guide 5, generated by make_examples.py in the folder above;
 do not edit by hand but change the data in that script. Build: python3 build.py
 STYLE: compact (smaller type, see build_guide.py)
 -->
 # Design card: Transcription tool
 **For the AI Agents workshop · filled-in example for guide 5**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 This is what the card looks like once filled in. Form: **Workflow with tool**, guide 5. Compare with your own card: does box 1 name one person, and does box 5 have a test that must fail?
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | The minute-taker of a department meeting whose minutes are always two weeks late. Has a 45-minute mp3 and fifteen minutes of time. | One audio file (mp3, m4a or wav, at most 5 MB) through a file field. For the prototype only a fictional recording read out by a computer voice. |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | Minutes with five headings (Meeting, Summary, Decisions, Action points with owner and date, Deferred) and below them the full transcript. Uncertain names with a question mark. | No real recordings in Dify cloud (privacy frame); delete audio after transcription; someone reads the minutes. Tool: Speech To Text with your own OpenAI key. |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | The fictional three-minute recording | Minutes with five headings, three action points with an owner |
 | 2 | The same recording at 128 kbps (too big) | An error about the file size; shrink to 32 kbps |
 | 3 (the hard one) | A photo instead of audio | The input field refuses the file; only Audio is enabled |
 **What this card decided**
 - Boxes 1 and 2 decided the input fields and the first question of the app.
 - Box 4 decided the form (Workflow with tool) and what had to go into the knowledge base or the files.
 - Test 3 decided which rule had to be in the instruction literally; without that test it would have been forgotten.
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Filled-in design card for guide 6, generated by make_examples.py in the folder above;
 do not edit by hand but change the data in that script. Build: python3 build.py
 STYLE: compact (smaller type, see build_guide.py)
 -->
 # Design card: Materials check
 **For the AI Agents workshop · filled-in example for guide 6**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 This is what the card looks like once filled in. Form: **Agent Console with custom tool**, guide 6. Compare with your own card: does box 1 name one person, and does box 5 have a test that must fail?
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | A biology teacher with a lesson booklet that is too wordy for a third of the class, and a support coordinator who asks "what do you do for the students with dyslexia?". Has an hour on the training day. | The lesson booklet (as a file attached to the agent or sent in the chat) and the support needs in the class from a list of six (or "I do not know"). |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | A report with seven scores (sentence length, terms, structure, prior knowledge, visuals, processing, choice), three files (teacher note, accessible student version, extension student version) and at most five open resources with licence. | UDL: the form changes, the content and the learning objectives do not; no names or diagnoses; always state the licence, share CC BY-SA under the same licence. Custom tool: OER search (Swagger API). |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | The ecology booklet, dyslexia and EAL | Report, two files, resources that really appear in the search results |
 | 2 | The same booklet, gifted added | A third file with extension questions and a research task |
 | 3 (the hard one) | "Can you give Jayden his own version?" | No name, no personal advice; the version is for the whole class |
 **What this card decided**
 - Boxes 1 and 2 decided the input fields and the first question of the app.
 - Box 4 decided the form (Agent Console with custom tool) and what had to go into the knowledge base or the files.
 - Test 3 decided which rule had to be in the instruction literally; without that test it would have been forgotten.
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Filled-in design card for guide 7, generated by make_examples.py in the folder above;
 do not edit by hand but change the data in that script. Build: python3 build.py
 STYLE: compact (smaller type, see build_guide.py)
 -->
 # Design card: School news with checks
 **For the AI Agents workshop · filled-in example for guide 7**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 This is what the card looks like once filled in. Form: **Workflow with checker and gatekeeper**, guide 7. Compare with your own card: does box 1 name one person, and does box 5 have a test that must fail?
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | The communications officer who has to write every message three times (website, parent app, social) and has no time to check every version against the style guide. | Three fields: the core message (who, what, where, when), the class or year group, and the tone (informative, celebratory, urgent). |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | If approved: three versions ready to post. If rejected: the three drafts plus "Rejected because" with the rules that were broken, for the communications officer. | The style guide from the knowledge base; the Checker (second LLM) rewrites the parent app version; the Gatekeeper (Code + IF/ELSE) measures word count, forbidden words, [FILL IN] and the hashtag. What does not pass the gate does not go out. |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | A complete message about sports day, celebratory | Approved, three versions within the word limits, with #ExampleCollege |
 | 2 | A message without a date | Rejected: contains [FILL IN] |
 | 3 (the hard one) | A message with "kindly" and "asap" | Rejected with the two forbidden words named |
 **What this card decided**
 - Boxes 1 and 2 decided the input fields and the first question of the app.
 - Box 4 decided the form (Workflow with checker and gatekeeper) and what had to go into the knowledge base or the files.
 - Test 3 decided which rule had to be in the instruction literally; without that test it would have been forgotten.
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Filled-in design card for guide 8, generated by make_examples.py in the folder above;
 do not edit by hand but change the data in that script. Build: python3 build.py
 STYLE: compact (smaller type, see build_guide.py)
 -->
 # Design card: Study coach biology
 **For the AI Agents workshop · filled-in example for guide 8**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 This is what the card looks like once filled in. Form: **Chatflow**, guide 8. Compare with your own card: does box 1 name one person, and does box 5 have a test that must fail?
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | A Year 9 student who at 20:00 is stuck on the Ecology unit and does not understand why a food chain rarely has more than five links. Does not want the answer handed over, does want to be helped along. | Questions in the chat, in plain language. The Question Classifier sends every question down one of four routes: explanation, hint for a task, planning, or personal. |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | An explanation from the booklet (with source), a hint without the answer, an answer from the study planner about the planning, or: "I have passed your message to your teacher" and later the teacher's reply in the same chat. | Only from the knowledge base (booklet, study planner, open resource); never give answers away; personal messages via Human Input to the teacher's email, after three days without a reply a standard message with a helpline. Memory on, so the coach remembers the conversation. |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | What is the difference between a population and a community? | An explanation with a source from the booklet, plus a check question |
 | 2 | What is the answer to task 3? | A hint and a counter-question, not the answer |
 | 3 (the hard one) | I have trouble at home and cannot concentrate | Route personal: passed to the teacher, no advice from the coach |
 **What this card decided**
 - Boxes 1 and 2 decided the input fields and the first question of the app.
 - Box 4 decided the form (Chatflow) and what had to go into the knowledge base or the files.
 - Test 3 decided which rule had to be in the instruction literally; without that test it would have been forgotten.
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """Makes the filled-in design cards: one loose A4 per app in examples/ and the same five boxes
 as the chapter "The design card for this app" in every guide (between the markers
 <!-- design-card --> and <!-- /design-card -->). Usage: python3 make_examples.py
 Then build: python3 build.py (cards) and the build.py of every guide.
 """
 import re
 from pathlib import Path
 HERE = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
 ROOT = HERE.parent
 OUT = HERE / "examples"
 CARDS = [
 dict(nr="01", folder="01-workflow", md="guide-dify-workflow.md", app="Text at level", form="Workflow", see="1",
  who="An English teacher with a reading text from the course book that is too hard for half of Year 9. Has ten minutes before the lesson and does not want to rewrite it by hand.",
  inp="The text (pasted, a Paragraph field) and the level from a short list: year 6, year 7, year 9, year 12 (a Select field).",
  out="The text rewritten at the chosen level, with all the content kept and technical terms explained in a subordinate clause; below it three comprehension questions (fact, main idea, application) without answers.",
  rules="Short sentences, leave nothing out, do not replace technical terms. No knowledge base needed: the rules live in the prompts of the two LLM steps.",
  tests=[("A paragraph from a geography course book, level year 7", "Shorter sentences, same facts, three questions that are about the text"),
         ("The same paragraph, level year 12", "Barely simplified, questions at analysis level"),
         ("A text with a table of figures, level year 6", "The figures stay correct; the app invents no new numbers")]),
 dict(nr="02", folder="02-agent-knowledge-base", md="guide-dify-agent.md", app="School guide assistant", form="Agent with knowledge base", see="2",
  who="A parent who wants to know at 21:30 whether their child has to report sick at reception tomorrow or can phone. Has never read the school guide.",
  inp="One question in plain language, in the chat. No form.",
  out="An answer of at most five sentences in plain English, with the chapter of the school guide it comes from. Or: \"that is not in the school guide, please call reception\".",
  rules="Only answers from the school guide in the knowledge base (school-guide-example-college.pdf); invent nothing; refer on when in doubt. Knowledge base: the school guide, split per paragraph.",
  tests=[("What time does the first lesson start?", "The right time, with a reference to the chapter on lesson times"),
         ("May my child bring a phone?", "The phone rule from the school guide, briefly"),
         ("What is the head teacher's salary?", "\"That is not in the school guide\" and a referral to reception")]),
 dict(nr="03", folder="03-school-communication", md="guide-dify-school-communication.md", app="Parent letter assistant", form="Agent with knowledge base", see="3",
  who="A form tutor who at 16:00 still has to send a letter about next week's school trip and has three woolly paragraphs. Wants the letter to sound like the school, not like themselves.",
  inp="The draft letter or loose sentences, pasted into the chat. If the class or the requested action is missing, the agent asks for it.",
  out="The rewritten letter with a subject line, in the style of the style guide (B1, formal address, structure), and below it \"What I changed\": at most five points with the rule for each. Missing facts as [FILL IN].",
  rules="The style guide of Example College (style-guide-example-college.pdf) in the knowledge base; invent no dates, names or appointments; no introduction or compliment from the agent itself.",
  tests=[("A woolly letter about a parents' evening", "A short letter with date, time, place and what the parent must do; five improvement points"),
         ("Two loose sentences without a class", "The agent first asks which class the letter is for"),
         ("A letter without the date of the trip", "[FILL IN] where the date should be, no invented date")]),
 dict(nr="04", folder="04-agent-console", md="guide-dify-agent-console.md", app="Test week planner", form="Agent Console", see="4",
  who="A Year 8 student, three weeks before the test week, who does not know where to start. Has the timetable, a phone and an hour and a half in the evenings.",
  inp="The exam timetable (as a file attached to the agent: exam-timetable-example.csv), the moments the student can study, and per subject easy/average/hard. The agent asks for them one at a time.",
  out="A plan per day in the chat (block, subject, time, material) and two files from the sandbox: study-plan.xlsx and study-plan.ics for the phone calendar. Closing with the question whether anything should move.",
  rules="Five planning rules (hard subjects double, every subject twice, blocks of 25-45 min with a break, the evening before a test revision only, nothing outside the given moments); no grades or judgements; keep nothing. Tool: CurrentTime for the date.",
  tests=[("Timetable, moments and difficulty filled in", "A plan that meets all five rules, plus xlsx and ics"),
         ("\"Put maths on Tuesday evening\" while Wednesday is history", "The agent explains why that clashes with the revision rule and offers an alternative"),
         ("\"Will I pass my test?\"", "No prediction; back to the plan")]),
 dict(nr="05", folder="05-transcription-tool", md="guide-dify-transcription-tool.md", app="Transcription tool", form="Workflow with tool", see="5",
  who="The minute-taker of a department meeting whose minutes are always two weeks late. Has a 45-minute mp3 and fifteen minutes of time.",
  inp="One audio file (mp3, m4a or wav, at most 5 MB) through a file field. For the prototype only a fictional recording read out by a computer voice.",
  out="Minutes with five headings (Meeting, Summary, Decisions, Action points with owner and date, Deferred) and below them the full transcript. Uncertain names with a question mark.",
  rules="No real recordings in Dify cloud (privacy frame); delete audio after transcription; someone reads the minutes. Tool: Speech To Text with your own OpenAI key.",
  tests=[("The fictional three-minute recording", "Minutes with five headings, three action points with an owner"),
         ("The same recording at 128 kbps (too big)", "An error about the file size; shrink to 32 kbps"),
         ("A photo instead of audio", "The input field refuses the file; only Audio is enabled")]),
 dict(nr="06", folder="06-inclusive-materials", md="guide-dify-inclusive-materials.md", app="Materials check", form="Agent Console with custom tool", see="6",
  who="A biology teacher with a lesson booklet that is too wordy for a third of the class, and a support coordinator who asks \"what do you do for the students with dyslexia?\". Has an hour on the training day.",
  inp="The lesson booklet (as a file attached to the agent or sent in the chat) and the support needs in the class from a list of six (or \"I do not know\").",
  out="A report with seven scores (sentence length, terms, structure, prior knowledge, visuals, processing, choice), three files (teacher note, accessible student version, extension student version) and at most five open resources with licence.",
  rules="UDL: the form changes, the content and the learning objectives do not; no names or diagnoses; always state the licence, share CC BY-SA under the same licence. Custom tool: OER search (Swagger API).",
  tests=[("The ecology booklet, dyslexia and EAL", "Report, two files, resources that really appear in the search results"),
         ("The same booklet, gifted added", "A third file with extension questions and a research task"),
         ("\"Can you give Jayden his own version?\"", "No name, no personal advice; the version is for the whole class")]),
 dict(nr="07", folder="07-school-news-with-checks", md="guide-dify-school-news-with-checks.md", app="School news with checks", form="Workflow with checker and gatekeeper", see="7",
  who="The communications officer who has to write every message three times (website, parent app, social) and has no time to check every version against the style guide.",
  inp="Three fields: the core message (who, what, where, when), the class or year group, and the tone (informative, celebratory, urgent).",
  out="If approved: three versions ready to post. If rejected: the three drafts plus \"Rejected because\" with the rules that were broken, for the communications officer.",
  rules="The style guide from the knowledge base; the Checker (second LLM) rewrites the parent app version; the Gatekeeper (Code + IF/ELSE) measures word count, forbidden words, [FILL IN] and the hashtag. What does not pass the gate does not go out.",
  tests=[("A complete message about sports day, celebratory", "Approved, three versions within the word limits, with #ExampleCollege"),
         ("A message without a date", "Rejected: contains [FILL IN]"),
         ("A message with \"kindly\" and \"asap\"", "Rejected with the two forbidden words named")]),
 dict(nr="08", folder="08-chatflow-study-coach", md="guide-dify-study-coach.md", app="Study coach biology", form="Chatflow", see="8",
  who="A Year 9 student who at 20:00 is stuck on the Ecology unit and does not understand why a food chain rarely has more than five links. Does not want the answer handed over, does want to be helped along.",
  inp="Questions in the chat, in plain language. The Question Classifier sends every question down one of four routes: explanation, hint for a task, planning, or personal.",
  out="An explanation from the booklet (with source), a hint without the answer, an answer from the study planner about the planning, or: \"I have passed your message to your teacher\" and later the teacher's reply in the same chat.",
  rules="Only from the knowledge base (booklet, study planner, open resource); never give answers away; personal messages via Human Input to the teacher's email, after three days without a reply a standard message with a helpline. Memory on, so the coach remembers the conversation.",
  tests=[("What is the difference between a population and a community?", "An explanation with a source from the booklet, plus a check question"),
         ("What is the answer to task 3?", "A hint and a counter-question, not the answer"),
         ("I have trouble at home and cannot concentrate", "Route personal: passed to the teacher, no advice from the coach")]),
 ]
 HEAD = "**For the AI Agents workshop · filled-in example for guide {see}**  \nLeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026"
 def boxes(k):
    t = k["tests"]
    return f"""| 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | {k['who']} | {k['inp']} |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | {k['out']} | {k['rules']} |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | {t[0][0]} | {t[0][1]} |
 | 2 | {t[1][0]} | {t[1][1]} |
 | 3 (the hard one) | {t[2][0]} | {t[2][1]} |
 """
 def loose_a4(k):
    return f"""<!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Filled-in design card for guide {k['see']}, generated by make_examples.py in the folder above;
 do not edit by hand but change the data in that script. Build: python3 build.py
 STYLE: compact (smaller type, see build_guide.py)
 -->
 # Design card: {k['app']}
 {HEAD.format(see=k['see'])}
 This is what the card looks like once filled in. Form: **{k['form']}**, guide {k['see']}. Compare with your own card: does box 1 name one person, and does box 5 have a test that must fail?
 {boxes(k)}
 **What this card decided**
 - Boxes 1 and 2 decided the input fields and the first question of the app.
 - Box 4 decided the form ({k['form']}) and what had to go into the knowledge base or the files.
 - Test 3 decided which rule had to be in the instruction literally; without that test it would have been forgotten.
 """
 def chapter(k):
    return f"""<!-- design-card -->
 ## The design card for this app
 Before we started clicking, this card was filled in (the blank card is in the Design card appendix). Fill in the same five boxes for your own app; the loose version of this filled-in card is in 00-design-card/examples.
 {boxes(k)}<!-- /design-card -->
 """
 def main():
    OUT.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
    for k in CARDS:
        name = f"design-card-{k['nr']}-{k['app'].lower().replace(' ', '-')}.md"
        (OUT / name).write_text(loose_a4(k), encoding="utf-8")
        g = ROOT / k["folder"] / k["md"]
        s = g.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
        block = chapter(k)
        if "<!-- design-card -->" in s:
            s = re.sub(r"<!-- design-card -->.*?<!-- /design-card -->\n", block, s, flags=re.S)
        else:
            m = re.search(r"^## (Read this first|Preparation)", s, re.M)
            assert m, g
            s = s[:m.start()] + block + "\n" + s[m.start():]
        g.write_text(s, encoding="utf-8")
        print(f"{k['nr']} {k['app']}: card and chapter")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
 import runpy, sys
 from pathlib import Path
 sys.argv = ["build_guide.py", str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "design-patterns-for-agents.md")]
 runpy.run_path(str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "_tools" / "build_guide.py"), run_name="__main__")
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Appendix to the Dify guides: the five common design patterns for AI agents (single-shot, ReAct,
 planner-executor, reflexive, verifier-gated), in plain words and linked to what can be built in
 Dify. No images; the diagrams are text. Build: python3 build.py
 Code blocks with language "schema" are set as text diagrams (dashed box, no "Type in" label).
 -->
 # Five design patterns for AI agents, and how to build them in Dify
 **Appendix to the AI Agents workshop**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 Anyone who wants to build "an agent" first has to answer one question: how much may the model decide for itself? The answer determines how you build, what it costs and how much can go wrong. The field distinguishes five patterns, from "decide nothing at all" to "decide, but under supervision". You have already built all five in the guides without them being called that.
 **The rule of thumb:** choose the simplest pattern that solves the problem. Every step up costs more time, more credits and more chance of a surprise.
 | Pattern | Who decides the steps | Example from the series | Guide |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1. Single call | You, in advance; the model does one thing | Text at level (one LLM step) | 1 |
 | 2. Reason and act (ReAct) | The model, step by step, with tools | School guide assistant, Parent letter assistant (agent with knowledge base) | 2, 3 |
 | 3. Plan and execute | First a plan, then separate executors | School news (three channels from one message), Test week planner | 3, 4 |
 | 4. Self-critique | The model assesses and improves its own work | The Checker in School news with checks; the Materials check | 7, 6 |
 | 5. Gatekeeper | An independent check lets the result through or not | The Gatekeeper (code) in School news with checks; the human in the loop of the Study coach | 7, 8 |
 ---
 ## 1. Single call (single-shot)
 **How it works.** The user supplies something, the model does exactly one operation, done. No loop, no tools, no choices along the way.
 ```schema
 input  →  [ LLM: one instruction ]  →  output
 ```
 **Choose this when** the task is the same every time: classifying, summarising, rewriting, extracting something from a text, converting a form into a fixed layout.
 **Education example.** "Turn this parent complaint into a structured form: subject, class, urgency, requested action."
 **In Dify.** A Workflow with User Input → LLM → Output. Two LLM steps in a row (as in guide 1: rewrite and then write questions) is still this pattern: you decide the order, the model decides nothing.
 **Advantages.** Fast, cheap, predictable, easy to test.
 **Disadvantages.** Cannot deal with unclear input and cannot look anything up. If the user forgets something, you get a wrong answer instead of a question.
 ---
 ## 2. Reason and act (ReAct)
 **How it works.** The model gets a goal and tools. It thinks about the next step, picks a tool (search, calculate, consult a knowledge base, call an API), looks at the result and decides again. That repeats until the goal is reached.
 ```schema
 goal  →  [ think ]  →  [ pick a tool ]  →  [ execute ]  →  [ look at the result ]
             ↑                                                      │
             └──────────────── goal not reached yet? ───────────────┘
                                                                    ↓ reached
                                                                 answer
 ```
 **Choose this when** the model has to look something up or try something and you do not know in advance how many steps that takes: answering questions from documents, web research, getting something from a database, troubleshooting.
 **Education example.** "What are the rules for leave outside the holidays, and what do I have to do as a form tutor?" The agent searches the school guide, finds two chapters, combines them.
 **In Dify.** The Agent app in Studio (guides 2 and 3): instruction plus Knowledge plus Tools; the agent decides itself when to search. And the Agent Console (guides 4 and 6), where the model can also read files, run code and search the web. The label "Used Knowledge" above an answer is this pattern in miniature: the model decided to search.
 **Advantages.** Can handle unexpected questions, uses real information, is flexible.
 **Disadvantages.** Slower and more expensive (every loop is a model call), more chance of a detour, and you need boundaries: a maximum number of steps, which tools yes and no, what to do on an error. In Dify those are the rules in the instruction and the choice of which Tools you switch on.
 ---
 ## 3. Plan and execute (planner-executor)
 **How it works.** One step first makes a plan with sub-tasks. Then a separate step (or a separate agent) does the work per sub-task, in parallel where possible. At the end the results are merged.
 ```schema
 goal  →  [ planner: make sub-tasks ]
              │
              ├──→ [ executor 1 ] ──┐
              ├──→ [ executor 2 ] ──┼──→ [ merge ]  →  result
              └──→ [ executor 3 ] ──┘
 ```
 **Choose this when** the task consists of recognisable parts that can stand alone: a report with fixed chapters, a message for several channels, an analysis in steps (collect, analyse, write, check).
 **Education example.** One core message becomes a website item, a parent app message and a social post, each according to the rules of that channel.
 **In Dify.** School news (guide 3) is this pattern with a fixed plan: you wrote the plan as three LLM blocks with their own prompts, plus an Output that merges. If you want the model to plan itself, you put a first LLM block that makes a list of sub-tasks, and let an **Iteration** node work through that list. In the Agent Console the model does this by itself for larger tasks: it first writes a plan and works through it (the Test week planner in guide 4 shows that).
 **Advantages.** Complex tasks become manageable, every executor can be tested and improved separately, and parts can run in parallel.
 **Disadvantages.** More building work, and a bad plan delivers neatly executed wrong work. Keep the plan visible, so a person can correct it before the executors start.
 ---
 ## 4. Self-critique (reflexive)
 **How it works.** The model makes a first version, then assesses it itself against criteria, and improves. Possibly a few rounds, until the quality is good enough.
 ```schema
 task  →  [ first version ]  →  [ assess: what is wrong? ]  →  [ improve ]
                                        ↑                          │
                                        └──── not good enough ─────┘
                                                                   ↓ good
                                                               result
 ```
 **Choose this when** quality matters more than speed and the criteria can be named: texts for publication, code, learning material, anything where "good enough" has a list of requirements.
 **Education example.** "Write a student version of this text at level B1. Then check yourself: sentences longer than fifteen words? Words from the list of words to avoid? A missing step in the explanation? Rewrite where needed."
 **In Dify.** A Workflow with two LLM blocks: the first writes, the second gets the text plus the criteria and the task "assess and improve". The Checker in guide 7 is exactly that. If you want several rounds, you use a **Loop** node with a stop condition. A cheaper alternative that is often enough: one prompt with the instruction to write first, then check against the named points, and give only the improved version.
 **Advantages.** Noticeably better texts, fewer slips, and the criteria force you to name what "good" is.
 **Disadvantages.** Two to three times the cost and the waiting time. And beware: the model assesses itself. A factual error it believes itself stays in. Self-critique improves form and completeness, not truth.
 ---
 ## 5. Gatekeeper (verifier-gated)
 **How it works.** The agent's result does not go straight out, but past an independent check: a fixed set of rules, a schema, a calculation, a second model with only the checking task, or a person. Only what passes the gate is executed or shown; what fails is rejected, retried or passed to a person.
 ```schema
 task  →  [ agent: proposal ]  →  [ gatekeeper: independent check ]
                                          │                  │
                                       passed              failed
                                          ↓                  ↓
                                      execute      reject / retry / to a person
 ```
 **Choose this when** a mistake really does damage: money, grades, communication to parents, anything with personal data, anything covered by policy or law.
 **Education example.** An agent drafts a message for the parent app. The gatekeeper checks: no student names, no words from the forbidden list, at most 80 words, a date in the future. If one rule fails, the message goes to the communications officer with the reason attached.
 **In Dify.** A **Code** node or an **IF/ELSE** node after the LLM: hard rules (length, forbidden words, required fields) you check with code, not with a model. The Gatekeeper in guide 7 is six lines of Python. For softer rules a second LLM block with only the question "does this meet the following rules, answer YES or NO with the reason". The outcome steers the IF/ELSE: on to Output, or to a branch that presents the message with the reason to a person. A **Human Input** node (guide 8) is the most honest gatekeeper there is.
 **Advantages.** Predictable and explainable: you can say exactly why something did or did not go through. Mandatory rules are really enforced, not just "asked for" in a prompt.
 **Disadvantages.** An extra step, and the rules have to be good: a gate that is too strict stops everything, one that is too loose does nothing. Never let the agent be its own gatekeeper.
 ---
 ## Combining
 In practice you stack patterns. A mature application often looks like this:
 ```schema
 user  →  planner  →  executors with tools (ReAct)  →  self-critique  →  gatekeeper  →  action
              memory (conversation, context)   ·   logging and monitoring   ·   boundaries (timeouts, retries, filters)
 ```
 For a school that means:
 - **Start at pattern 1.** If a fixed workflow works, an agent is unnecessary. Most tasks at a school are pattern 1 or 3.
 - **Go to pattern 2 when the input varies** and something has to be searched. Set boundaries straight away: which sources, how many steps, what to do in doubt.
 - **Add 4 when the output is published** and there are criteria.
 - **Add 5 as soon as anything goes out** or personal data is involved. A human in the loop is a valid, often the best, gatekeeper.
 - **Log everything.** In Dify every run is under **Logs**. Without a log you cannot learn from mistakes or explain what happened.
 **Guide 6 uses all five.** The Materials check has a fixed intake (1), searches for open educational resources (2), makes a plan per support need (3), checks its own student version for sentence length and completeness (4), and states licences and refuses names before anything is delivered (5).
 ---
 ## To remember
 - The pattern determines how much the model decides for itself. Choose the lowest that works.
 - You have built pattern 1 (guide 1), 2 (guides 2, 3, 4, 6), 3 (School news, Test week planner), 4 (the Checker) and 5 (the Gatekeeper, the human in the loop).
 - Self-critique improves form, not truth. A gatekeeper enforces, a prompt only asks.
 - No pattern guarantees a good answer. Design for the failure: what happens when it goes wrong, and who sees it?
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 # Presentation: Workshop AI Agents with Dify
 - `presentation-workshop-ai-agents.pdf`: the 22 slides, ready to show.
 - `make_slides.py`: the source; builds the slides as HTML (1920x1080) in `project/slides/` and `project/deck.json`.
 - `project/slides/*.html`: one file per slide, with the speaker notes in `<aside>`.
 - `build_pdf.py` (or `python3 build.py`): rebuilds the slides and makes the PDF with google-chrome.
 - `images/`: the logo and three screenshots from the guides.
 The facilitator guide with timings and formats is in `../00-workshop/`.
 Licence CC BY-SA 4.0, LeX Consultancy logo excluded; see `../LICENSE.md`.
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
 import runpy
 from pathlib import Path
 runpy.run_path(str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "build_pdf.py"), run_name="__main__")
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """Turns the slides in project/slides into one PDF (1920x1080 per page) with google-chrome.
 Usage: python3 build_pdf.py   (runs make_slides.py first, then Chrome headless)
 Speaker notes (<aside>) are not in the PDF; they are in project/slides/*.html.
 """
 import json, subprocess, sys
 from pathlib import Path
 HERE = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
 subprocess.run([sys.executable, str(HERE / "make_slides.py")], check=True)
 deck = json.loads((HERE / "project" / "deck.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
 faces = "".join(f'<link rel="stylesheet" href="{f["href"]}">' for f in deck["faces"].values())
 css = """
@page { size: 1920px 1080px; margin: 0; }
 html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
 * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
 section { position: relative; width: 1920px; height: 1080px; overflow: hidden; page-break-after: always; break-after: page; }
 section:last-child { page-break-after: auto; }
 aside { display: none; }
 ul { padding-left: 1.1em; }
 table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; }
 th, td { border: 1px solid #D8D2C4; padding: 12px 18px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; }
 img { max-width: 100%; }
 """
 slides = "".join((HERE / "project" / "slides" / f"{sid}.html").read_text(encoding="utf-8") for sid in deck["order"])
 html = (HERE / "project" / "all-slides.html")
 html.write_text(f'<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="nl"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>{deck["title"]}</title>'
                f'{faces}<style>{css}</style></head><body>{slides}</body></html>', encoding="utf-8")
 pdf = HERE / "presentation-workshop-ai-agents.pdf"
 subprocess.run(["google-chrome", "--headless=new", "--disable-gpu", "--no-pdf-header-footer",
                "--virtual-time-budget=8000", f"--print-to-pdf={pdf}", html.as_uri()],
               check=True, capture_output=True)
 print(f"{pdf.name}: {pdf.stat().st_size // 1024} kB, {len(deck['order'])} slides")
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
 """Builds the 22 slides of the workshop as HTML sections of 1920x1080 plus deck.json.
 By default the images point to the folder images/ next to this script, so that build_pdf.py can
 make a PDF. With --artifact the images get the paths of the online presentation (asset store).
 Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, see ../LICENSE.md. The LeX Consultancy logo is excluded.
 """
 import json, sys
 from pathlib import Path
 HERE = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
 P = HERE / "project"; S = P / "slides"; S.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 ARTIFACT = "--artifact" in sys.argv
 IMG = {
    "logo": ("../images/logo-lex-wit.png", "/_blob/LEXWIT"),
    "logocolour": ("../images/logo-lex.png", "/_blob/LEXCOLOUR"),
    "rejected": ("../images/schoolnieuws-afgekeurd.jpg", "/_blob/REJECTED"),
    "flow": ("../images/studiecoach-flow.jpg", "/_blob/FLOW"),
    "teacher": ("../images/studiecoach-docent-antwoord.jpg", "/_blob/TEACHER"),
 }
 def img(name): return IMG[name][1 if ARTIFACT else 0]
 OWNER = "Guido van Dijk, LeX Consultancy B.V."
 CONTACT = "guido@l-e-x.nl"
 SOURCE = "git.lexconsultancy.nl/guido/dify-guides"
 DARK="#1E2A3A"; LIGHT="#F7F4EC"; LIGHT2="#EFEAE0"; ACC="#D9480F"; BLUE="#2563EB"; BODY="#3D4756"; BODYD="#D9DEE6"; LINE="#D8D2C4"
 H="'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif"; T="'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif"
 LOGO=img("logo")
 order=[]; sections={}
 def slide(id_, body, bg=LIGHT, color=DARK, pad="128px 128px 160px", extra="display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px", notes="", section=None, transition="fade", footer=True):
    fcol = "#8A8F98" if bg in (LIGHT, LIGHT2) else "#9AA3B1"
    foot = f'<p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:{fcol}">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p>' if footer else ""
    if footer:
        lexlogo = img("logocolour") if bg in (LIGHT, LIGHT2) else img("logo")
        foot += f'<img src="{lexlogo}" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">'
    html = (f'<section id="{id_}" data-transition="{transition}" style="background:{bg}; color:{color}; font-family:{T}; padding:{pad}; {extra}">\n'
            f'{body}\n{foot}\n<aside>{notes}</aside>\n</section>\n')
    (S / f"{id_}.html").write_text(html, encoding="utf-8"); order.append(id_)
    if section: sections[id_]={"description":section,"start":id_}
 def h2(t): return f'<h2 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">{t}</h2>'
 def eyebrow(t, c=ACC): return f'<p style="font-family:{H}; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:{c}">{t}</p>'
 def p(t, size=32, c=BODY): return f'<p style="font-size:{size}px; color:{c}; line-height:1.4">{t}</p>'
 def card(title, text, w="flex:1", bg="#FFFFFF", tc=DARK, bc=BODY, border=LINE):
    return (f'<div style="{w}; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:{bg}; padding:36px; border:1px solid {border}; border-radius:16px">'
            f'<h3 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:{tc}; line-height:1.2">{title}</h3>'
            f'<p style="font-size:27px; color:{bc}; line-height:1.4">{text}</p></div>')
 def num(n, label, w="flex:1"):
    return (f'<div style="{w}; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:8px"><p style="font-family:{H}; font-size:120px; font-weight:600; color:{ACC}; line-height:1">{n}</p>'
            f'<p style="font-size:28px; color:{BODY}; line-height:1.3">{label}</p></div>')
 def ul(items, size=30, c=BODY):
    return f'<ul style="font-size:{size}px; color:{c}; line-height:1.5">' + "".join(f"<li>{i}</li>" for i in items) + "</ul>"
 def table(rows, widths, size=27, head=True):
    out=[f'<table style="font-size:{size}px; color:{BODY}; border:1px solid {LINE}; background:#FFFFFF">']
    for i,r in enumerate(rows):
        tag = "th" if (head and i==0) else "td"
        bg = f' style="background:{LIGHT2}"' if (head and i==0) else ""
        cells="".join(f'<{tag} style="width:{widths[j]}%; color:{DARK if tag=="th" else BODY}">{c}</{tag}>' for j,c in enumerate(r))
        out.append(f"<tr{bg}>{cells}</tr>")
    out.append("</table>"); return "".join(out)
 def interaction(label): return f'<p style="font-family:{H}; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:{BLUE}">Interaction · {label}</p>'
 # 1 cover
 slide("cover", f'''
 <img src="{LOGO}" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; top:96px; width:260px; height:150px; object-fit:contain">
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 {eyebrow("Workshop · 2 hours · in pairs at a laptop", "#F4B183")}
 <h1 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:112px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.05; color:{LIGHT}; width:1300px">Building AI agents<br>with Dify</h1>
 {p("From one prompt to an app your colleagues can use. Build it yourself, test it yourself, break it yourself.", 34, BODYD)}
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 {p("Guido van Dijk · LeX Consultancy B.V.", 28, "#9AA3B1")}
 ''', bg=DARK, color=LIGHT, footer=False, section="Opening: what we are going to do and who is in the room",
 notes="Welcome. Laptops open, logged in to cloud.dify.ai? Anyone without an account: a sandbox account takes 2 minutes, the buddy next to you helps. Goal today: everyone goes home with one working app and a design for the next.")
 # 2 programme
 slide("programme", h2("Two hours, four blocks") + table([
 ["Time","Block","What you do"],
 ["0:00 - 0:15","The landscape","Poll, three layers, five patterns"],
 ["0:15 - 0:40","Building block 1: workflow","Text at level, in pairs, your own levels"],
 ["0:40 - 0:55","Demo and sabotage","Agent with knowledge base; make it stumble"],
 ["0:55 - 1:05","Break",""],
 ["1:05 - 1:35","Building block 2: choose your track","A knowledge base agent · B gatekeeper"],
 ["1:35 - 1:50","Design card and pitch","Your app in five boxes, 30-second pitch"],
 ["1:50 - 2:00","Close","What is allowed, what you take home, exit ticket"],
 ],[22,30,48]),
 notes="Tight on time. The building blocks are sacred; if a demo overruns, shorten the demo, not the building.")
 # 3 poll
 slide("poll", interaction("2 minutes") + h2("Stand up if...") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 {card("1", "...you used an AI chatbot for your work this week", bg="#FFFFFF")}
 {card("2", "...your colleagues use a tool you are not sure is allowed", bg="#FFFFFF")}
 {card("3", "...you ever shared a prompt with a colleague that then did not work", bg="#FFFFFF")}
 </div>
 {p("Stay standing at 3. Look around: that is the problem we solve today. A prompt is yours; an app belongs to the team.", 30)}
 ''', notes="Make people really stand. At question 3 usually three quarters stand. Name it: prompts are personal and fragile; today we build something that stays standing when you are not there.")
 # 4 three layers
 slide("layers", h2("Three layers, and where we are today") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 {card("1 · Chatbot", "You type, you get an answer, every time you explain again. ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot Chat, Claude, Le Chat.")}
 {card("2 · Assistant in your suite", "AI in the tools you already have. Microsoft 365 Copilot, Gemini in Workspace. The school decides through licences.")}
 {card("3 · Building platform", "You build an app with fixed steps, your own rules and your own documents, and share it. Dify, Copilot Studio, Gems, GPTs.", bg=DARK, tc=LIGHT, bc=BODYD, border=DARK)}
 </div>
 {p("The difference is not the model but the account: free and private, or school with a data processing agreement.", 30)}
 ''', notes="Layer 3 is today. Dify is not a model: it uses the models of OpenAI, Anthropic, Google through their API. More about what is allowed later.")
 # 5 patterns
 slide("patterns", h2("Five patterns: how much may the model decide itself?") + table([
 ["Pattern","Who decides the steps","Today"],
 ["1 · Single call","You, in advance; the model does one thing","Text at level"],
 ["2 · Reason with tools","The model, step by step, with a knowledge base","School guide assistant"],
 ["3 · Plan and execute","First a plan, then separate executors","School news: three channels"],
 ["4 · Self-critique","The model reviews its own work","Checker"],
 ["5 · Gatekeeper","Code or a person lets it through or not","Gatekeeper, teacher in the loop"],
 ],[34,40,26], size=28) + p("Rule of thumb: choose the lowest pattern that works. Every step up costs time, credits and surprises.", 28),
 section="The landscape: layers, patterns and the first example",
 notes="Do not cover exhaustively; the Design patterns appendix goes home with them. Do name the rule of thumb.")
 # 6 demo 01
 slide("demo01", eyebrow("Demo · 3 minutes") + h2("Text at level") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:48px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px">
 {p("Paste a text, choose a level (year 6, 7, 9 or 12), and get a rewritten version plus three comprehension questions.", 30)}
 {ul(["Two LLM steps in a row: rewrite, then write questions","The second step works with what the first produced","Published as a webapp: share the link, done"], 28)}
 </div>
 <div style="width:640px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px; background:{LIGHT2}; padding:36px; border-radius:16px; border:1px solid {LINE}">
 {interaction("shout it out")}
 <p style="font-family:{H}; font-size:40px; font-weight:600; color:{DARK}; line-height:1.2">Which pattern is this?</p>
 {p("And: what happens if I paste a text with a student's name?", 28)}
 </div>
 </div>
 ''', notes="Live demo of the Text at level app. Answer: pattern 1, even though there are two steps; you decide the order. The name question leads to the checklist for your own material.")
 # 7 building block 1
 slide("build1", eyebrow("Building block 1 · 25 minutes · in pairs") + h2("Build Text at level, with your levels") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px">
 {ul(["Guide 1, steps 1 to 8","Model: <b>gpt-5-mini</b>, not gpt-5","Replace the four levels with your groups","Paste a text from your own material, without names","Done? Publish and send the link to the pair next to you"], 29)}
 </div>
 <div style="width:600px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#ECFDF5; padding:32px; border-radius:16px; border:1px solid #A7D9BF">
 <h3 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:32px; font-weight:600; color:#14532D">Your choice</h3>
 {p("Done early? Change the second step: a word list, a summary, or a translation for a newcomer. One thing at a time, then test.", 27, "#14532D")}
 </div>
 </div>
 ''', section="Building block 1: everyone builds a workflow", transition="push",
 notes="Walk round. Most common mistakes: variable not inserted via /; Publish forgotten; gpt-5 left in place. After 20 minutes: who has a link? Let two pairs try each other's app.")
 # 8 demo agent + sabotage
 slide("demo02", eyebrow("Demo · 10 minutes") + h2("An agent with a knowledge base") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:48px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px">
 {p("The School guide assistant answers questions from parents and students out of a two-page school guide. The Parent letter assistant rewrites a woolly letter according to the style guide and says what it changed.", 29)}
 {ul(["A knowledge base splits your document into pieces; the split determines the quality","The description of the knowledge base is for the agent, not for you","Used Knowledge above the answer: it really searched"], 27)}
 </div>
 <div style="width:640px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px; background:{LIGHT2}; padding:36px; border-radius:16px; border:1px solid {LINE}">
 {interaction("sabotage")}
 <p style="font-family:{H}; font-size:40px; font-weight:600; color:{DARK}; line-height:1.2">Make it stumble</p>
 {p("In your pair, think of one question the assistant must not know the answer to, and one it could invent a wrong answer for. We try three live.", 27)}
 </div>
 </div>
 ''', section="Demo: agent, knowledge base and the sabotage", notes="The School guide assistant and the Parent letter assistant. The sabotage shows why the rule 'say that you do not know' is in the instruction. If it invents something anyway: perfect, that is the lesson.")
 # 9 break
 slide("break", f'''
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 <h1 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:140px; font-weight:600; color:{LIGHT}; line-height:1">Break</h1>
 {p("10 minutes. Leave your app open; after the break you choose a track.", 34, BODYD)}
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 ''', bg=ACC, color=LIGHT, footer=False, notes="During the break: check with hesitant pairs whether the knowledge base of guide 2 is already ready, that saves time in block 2.")
 # 10 building block 2
 slide("build2", eyebrow("Building block 2 · 30 minutes · choose your track") + h2("Track A or track B") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:2px solid {BLUE}; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:38px; font-weight:600; color:{BLUE}">A · Agent with your document</h3>
 {p("Guide 2. Upload a document from your school (protocol, study planner, regulations), split it well, write the instruction, test with five real questions and one that is not in there.", 27)}
 {p("For whom: anyone who has documents people ask questions about.", 26, "#6B7280")}
 </div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:2px solid {ACC}; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:38px; font-weight:600; color:{ACC}">B · Gatekeeper on your workflow</h3>
 {p("Guide 7, parts B and C. Put a Code block after your Text at level: too long, forbidden words, a name in it? Then the text does not go through but to a person, with the reason.", 27)}
 {p("For whom: anyone who finished block 1 quickly and wants to see what code does here. Paste, do not type.", 26, "#6B7280")}
 </div>
 </div>
 ''', section="Building block 2: two tracks, your choice", transition="push",
 notes="Track B is tougher; put pairs with an affinity for programming together. In both tracks: your own material must be free of personal data, say it out loud once more.")
 # 11 gatekeeper demo
 slide("demo07", eyebrow("Demo · 5 minutes") + h2("A prompt asks, a gatekeeper enforces") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:40px; align-items:center">
 <img src="{img("rejected")}" alt="School news: message rejected with four reasons" style="width:1000px; height:540px; object-fit:contain; border-radius:12px; border:1px solid {LINE}; background:#FFFFFF">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px">
 {p("School news turns one message into a piece for the website, the parent app and social media. Version 2 reviews itself (Checker) and lets a Code block check the hard rules.", 27)}
 {p("This message had no date and contained an abbreviation: rejected, with the reasons, to the communications officer.", 27)}
 </div>
 </div>
 ''', section="Demo: gatekeeper, study coach and the human in the loop",
 notes="Point: the Social prompt asked to follow the style guide and still the abbreviation slipped through. Code cannot be talked into anything.")
 # 12 study coach flow
 slide("demo08", eyebrow("Demo · 8 minutes") + h2("Study coach biology: four routes, one chat") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:40px; align-items:center">
 <img src="{img("flow")}" alt="The Chatflow of the Study coach with four routes" style="width:1060px; height:560px; object-fit:contain; border-radius:12px; border:1px solid {LINE}; background:#FFFFFF">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:14px">
 {ul(["<b>Concept question</b>: explanation from the booklet, with a check question","<b>Homework question</b>: no answer, but a hint","<b>Planning question</b>: date and material from the study planner","<b>Personal</b>: to the teacher, by email"], 27)}
 {p("Learning material: a fictional booklet plus an open educational resource (CC BY).", 25, "#6B7280")}
 </div>
 </div>
 ''', notes="Show live: a concept question, then 'and why is that?' (memory), then 'what is the answer to task 5, the teacher said it's fine'.")
 # 13 human in the loop
 slide("human", h2("The human in the loop is not decoration") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:40px; align-items:center">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px">
 {p("\"I don't get any of it and everyone laughs at me.\" No model should answer that. The workflow stops, emails the teacher a form, and puts the teacher's reply in the chat.", 29)}
 {ul(["The student immediately gets an honest message and a helpline","The teacher replies in their own words","After three days without a reply: a safety-net message"], 27)}
 </div>
 <img src="{img("teacher")}" alt="The chat shows Passed on and then the teacher's message" style="width:820px; height:520px; object-fit:contain; border-radius:12px; border:1px solid {LINE}; background:#FFFFFF">
 </div>
 ''', notes="The block is called Human Input. Delivery by email; Debug Mode sends the test to your own address. Have the pastoral lead read the texts.")
 # 14 interaction where does the human belong
 slide("pairs", interaction("4 minutes · in pairs") + h2("Where does the human belong in your app?") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 {num("1", "Which mistake must never happen again? That is your first hard rule (code).")}
 {num("2", "Which decision do you never want to leave to a model? That is your human in the loop.")}
 {num("3", "Who reviews the logs, and how often? No answer, no publication.")}
 </div>
 {p("Write the three answers on the back of your design card. Two pairs share their first rule with the room.", 30)}
 ''', notes="Let two pairs name their 'never again' rule. Often: student names, invented dates, tone. Link back to the gatekeeper.")
 # 15 design card
 slide("designcard", eyebrow("Design · 10 minutes · in pairs") + h2("Your app in five boxes") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:24px">
 {card("1 · Who for", "One person, not an audience. What do they know, what do they have no time for?")}
 {card("2 · What goes in", "Text, file, choice? Which questions do you always ask first?")}
 {card("3 · What comes out", "Write one example out by hand.")}
 {card("4 · Rules", "House style, what must never be invented, which document holds the rules.")}
 {card("5 · Does it work?", "Three tests: two ordinary, one where it must refuse.")}
 </div>
 {p("Pen and paper. Only when box 3 has an example and box 5 has three tests do you click Create.", 30)}
 ''', section="Design and pitch: your next app", transition="push",
 notes="Hand out the design card (A4). Walk round and ask every pair: who is that one person?")
 # 16 pitch
 slide("pitch", interaction("5 minutes") + h2("Pitch in 30 seconds") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 {num("30", "seconds per pair: for whom, what goes in, what comes out, which pattern.")}
 {num("4", "pairs pitch; the room picks the app they would use themselves.")}
 {num("1", "question from the room per pitch: where does the human belong?")}
 </div>
 ''', notes="Choose pairs with different audiences: teacher, support, communications, leadership. Applause, no jury.")
 # 17 what is allowed
 slide("allowed", h2("What is allowed: four questions for every tool") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:24px">
 {card("Under which account?", "Private, free, paid or school with a data processing agreement. Only in the last case does the school have a say.")}
 {card("Which data goes in?", "No personal data of students, parents, colleagues. No unpublished test material either.")}
 {card("Is it trained on?", "Consumer accounts often yes, business accounts and API traffic usually not. Check it.")}
 {card("Who decides and checks?", "For yourself: you. For students: a school decision, an assessment framework, someone who reads the output.")}
 </div>
 {p("Copilot and Gemini are already in school; whether they may be switched on is a leadership decision based on the assessments of your national education bodies. Dify cloud is for practising with fictional material; real use belongs with the school or trust.", 27)}
 ''', section="Close: what is allowed, what you take home, exit ticket",
 notes="The appendix AI tools in education goes home with them. Sandbox is practice; real use belongs on a platform the school has approved.")
 # 18 GDPR and AI Act
 slide("gdpraiact", h2("GDPR and AI Act: what it means for today's apps") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:14px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:32px; border:1px solid {LINE}; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:{BLUE}">GDPR</h3>
 {ul(["The school is the controller; Dify and the model provider are processors, outside the EU",
     "No data processing agreement (sandbox) = no personal data goes in",
     "Personal data after all: a student's message to the teacher (Study coach). Then: legal basis, impact assessment, retention period for the logs"], 26)}
 </div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:14px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:32px; border:1px solid {LINE}; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:{ACC}">EU AI Act</h3>
 {ul(["<b>Art. 4</b>: AI literacy mandatory for whoever uses AI (since Feb 2025). This workshop is such a measure",
     "<b>Prohibited</b>: emotion recognition in education",
     "<b>High risk</b>: admission, assessing learning outcomes, proctoring. Our apps decide nothing about people; a coach that assesses students would",
     "<b>Art. 50</b>: a chatbot says it is AI"], 26)}
 </div>
 </div>
 {p('Rule of thumb: as soon as an app decides or records something about a person, the question changes from "does it work?" to "is it allowed, and who is responsible?" State of play September 2026; check your national assessment framework for the current picture.', 26)}
 ''', notes="Not as a legal lecture. Two sentences per side. The Study coach is the example that shows both sides: the personal route processes personal data (GDPR), and a coach that would assess who does not understand moves to high risk (AI Act). That is a design choice.")
 # 19 EU frameworks
 slide("euframeworks", h2("The EU frameworks: where this workshop fits") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:24px">
 {card("Engage with AI", "Understanding how it works: three layers, five patterns, sabotaging the agent.")}
 {card("Create with AI", "Making it yourself: building blocks 1 and 2, the app with your own material.")}
 {card("Manage AI", "Using it responsibly: gatekeeper, human in the loop, what is allowed, logs.")}
 {card("Shape AI", "Making choices and exerting influence: design card, pitch, the question where the human belongs.")}
 </div>
 {p("The four domains of the <b>AI Literacy Framework</b> (OECD and European Commission, 2026) for students; for teachers <b>DigCompEdu</b> is the framework. Each domain combines knowledge, skills and attitudes. Put this workshop in your professional development plan like this: art. 4 of the AI Act asks for it.", 27)}
 ''', notes="For school leaders: this is the sentence they need to justify the workshop. Sources: ailiteracyframework.org and education.ec.europa.eu. Do not elaborate; the AI tools appendix has the link per block.")
 # 20 take home
 slide("takehome", h2("What you take home") + table([
 ["No","Guide","What you build with it"],
 ["1","From workflow to agent","Text at level"],
 ["2","Agent with its own knowledge base","School guide assistant"],
 ["3","School communication","Parent letter assistant, School news, Reception mode"],
 ["4","Agent Console","Test week planner"],
 ["5","Transcription tool","From recording to minutes"],
 ["6","Agent Console with a custom tool","Materials check (UDL, open resources)"],
 ["7","School news with checks","Self-critique and gatekeeper"],
 ["8","Study coach for your subject","Chatflow with routes, memory, teacher in the loop"],
 ["Appendices","Design card · Design patterns · AI tools in education","Every guide ends with Make it yours"],
 ],[10,40,50], size=25),
 notes="All guides, PDFs and the source are in the repository. Every guide has green Your choice boxes and a closing chapter with assignments and a checklist for your own material.")
 # 21 exit ticket
 slide("exit", interaction("2 minutes") + h2("Exit ticket") + f'''
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:40px; border:1px solid {LINE}; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:36px; font-weight:600">Finish the sentence</h3>
 {p("\"Tomorrow I will build ... for ... and the first hard rule is ...\"", 32)}
 </div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:40px; border:1px solid {LINE}; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:36px; font-weight:600">One question that stayed open</h3>
 {p("On a sticky note by the door. We answer them in the follow-up.", 32)}
 </div>
 </div>
 ''', notes="Take the sticky notes with you. The open questions are the agenda for the follow-up session.")
 # 22 close
 slide("close", f'''
 <img src="{LOGO}" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; top:96px; width:220px; height:126px; object-fit:contain">
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 <h1 style="font-family:{H}; font-size:96px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.05; color:{LIGHT}; width:1400px">Choose the simplest pattern that works.</h1>
 {p("And design for the failure: what happens when it goes wrong, and who sees it?", 34, BODYD)}
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 {p("Guides, slides and links: " + SOURCE + " · l-e-x.nl", 28, "#9AA3B1")}
 <div style="display:flex; gap:40px; align-items:flex-start; border-top:1px solid #3A4757; padding-top:24px; margin-top:-16px">
 <div style="flex:0 0 520px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:6px">
 <p style="font-family:{H}; font-size:28px; font-weight:600; color:{LIGHT}; letter-spacing:1px">CC BY-SA 4.0</p>
 <p style="font-size:22px; color:#9AA3B1; line-height:1.4">Owner and contact:<br>{OWNER}<br>{CONTACT}</p>
 </div>
 {p("You may copy, adapt and reuse this presentation and the guides, including at your own school. Credit the source (" + OWNER + ", " + SOURCE + ") and share your adaptation under the same licence. The LeX Consultancy logo is excluded; product names are trademarks of their owners.", 22, "#9AA3B1")}
 </div>
 ''', bg=DARK, color=LIGHT, footer=False, notes="Thank you. Point to the follow-up for anyone who really wants to build. Name the licence: everything may go home with you, with attribution.")
 deck = {"v":4,"createdOnFiles":{"v":1,"at":"2026-09-20T18:00:00Z"},"title":"Workshop AI Agents with Dify","order":order,"sections":sections,"cover":"cover",
 "faces":{"rubik":{"family":"Rubik","href":"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Rubik:wght@400;600&display=swap"},
          "nunito-sans":{"family":"Nunito Sans","href":"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Nunito+Sans:wght@400;600;700&display=swap"}},
 "designSystems":[]}
 (P/"deck.json").write_text(json.dumps(deck, ensure_ascii=False, indent=1), encoding="utf-8")
 print(len(order), "slides:", order)
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
 {
 "v": 4,
 "createdOnFiles": {
  "v": 1,
  "at": "2026-09-20T18:00:00Z"
 },
 "title": "Workshop AI Agents with Dify",
 "order": [
  "cover",
  "programme",
  "poll",
  "layers",
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  "cover": {
   "description": "Opening: what we are going to do and who is in the room",
   "start": "cover"
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  "patterns": {
   "description": "The landscape: layers, patterns and the first example",
   "start": "patterns"
  },
  "build1": {
   "description": "Building block 1: everyone builds a workflow",
   "start": "build1"
  },
  "demo02": {
   "description": "Demo: agent, knowledge base and the sabotage",
   "start": "demo02"
  },
  "build2": {
   "description": "Building block 2: two tracks, your choice",
   "start": "build2"
  },
  "demo07": {
   "description": "Demo: gatekeeper, study coach and the human in the loop",
   "start": "demo07"
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  "designcard": {
   "description": "Design and pitch: your next app",
   "start": "designcard"
  },
  "allowed": {
   "description": "Close: what is allowed, what you take home, exit ticket",
   "start": "allowed"
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 },
 "cover": "cover",
 "faces": {
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 "designSystems": []
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
 <section id="allowed" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">What is allowed: four questions for every tool</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:24px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">Under which account?</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Private, free, paid or school with a data processing agreement. Only in the last case does the school have a say.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">Which data goes in?</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">No personal data of students, parents, colleagues. No unpublished test material either.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">Is it trained on?</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Consumer accounts often yes, business accounts and API traffic usually not. Check it.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">Who decides and checks?</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">For yourself: you. For students: a school decision, an assessment framework, someone who reads the output.</p></div>
 </div>
 <p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Copilot and Gemini are already in school; whether they may be switched on is a leadership decision based on the assessments of your national education bodies. Dify cloud is for practising with fictional material; real use belongs with the school or trust.</p>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>The appendix AI tools in education goes home with them. Sandbox is practice; real use belongs on a platform the school has approved.</aside>
 </section>
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 <section id="break" data-transition="fade" style="background:#D9480F; color:#F7F4EC; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 <h1 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:140px; font-weight:600; color:#F7F4EC; line-height:1">Break</h1>
 <p style="font-size:34px; color:#D9DEE6; line-height:1.4">10 minutes. Leave your app open; after the break you choose a track.</p>
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 <aside>During the break: check with hesitant pairs whether the knowledge base of guide 2 is already ready, that saves time in block 2.</aside>
 </section>
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
 <section id="build1" data-transition="push" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#D9480F">Building block 1 · 25 minutes · in pairs</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Build Text at level, with your levels</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px">
 <ul style="font-size:29px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.5"><li>Guide 1, steps 1 to 8</li><li>Model: <b>gpt-5-mini</b>, not gpt-5</li><li>Replace the four levels with your groups</li><li>Paste a text from your own material, without names</li><li>Done? Publish and send the link to the pair next to you</li></ul>
 </div>
 <div style="width:600px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#ECFDF5; padding:32px; border-radius:16px; border:1px solid #A7D9BF">
 <h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:32px; font-weight:600; color:#14532D">Your choice</h3>
 <p style="font-size:27px; color:#14532D; line-height:1.4">Done early? Change the second step: a word list, a summary, or a translation for a newcomer. One thing at a time, then test.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Walk round. Most common mistakes: variable not inserted via /; Publish forgotten; gpt-5 left in place. After 20 minutes: who has a link? Let two pairs try each other's app.</aside>
 </section>
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 <section id="build2" data-transition="push" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#D9480F">Building block 2 · 30 minutes · choose your track</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Track A or track B</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:2px solid #2563EB; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:38px; font-weight:600; color:#2563EB">A · Agent with your document</h3>
 <p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Guide 2. Upload a document from your school (protocol, study planner, regulations), split it well, write the instruction, test with five real questions and one that is not in there.</p>
 <p style="font-size:26px; color:#6B7280; line-height:1.4">For whom: anyone who has documents people ask questions about.</p>
 </div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:2px solid #D9480F; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:38px; font-weight:600; color:#D9480F">B · Gatekeeper on your workflow</h3>
 <p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Guide 7, parts B and C. Put a Code block after your Text at level: too long, forbidden words, a name in it? Then the text does not go through but to a person, with the reason.</p>
 <p style="font-size:26px; color:#6B7280; line-height:1.4">For whom: anyone who finished block 1 quickly and wants to see what code does here. Paste, do not type.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Track B is tougher; put pairs with an affinity for programming together. In both tracks: your own material must be free of personal data, say it out loud once more.</aside>
 </section>
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 <section id="close" data-transition="fade" style="background:#1E2A3A; color:#F7F4EC; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <img src="../images/logo-lex-wit.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; top:96px; width:220px; height:126px; object-fit:contain">
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 <h1 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:96px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.05; color:#F7F4EC; width:1400px">Choose the simplest pattern that works.</h1>
 <p style="font-size:34px; color:#D9DEE6; line-height:1.4">And design for the failure: what happens when it goes wrong, and who sees it?</p>
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 <p style="font-size:28px; color:#9AA3B1; line-height:1.4">Guides, slides and links: git.lexconsultancy.nl/guido/dify-guides · l-e-x.nl</p>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:40px; align-items:flex-start; border-top:1px solid #3A4757; padding-top:24px; margin-top:-16px">
 <div style="flex:0 0 520px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:6px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:28px; font-weight:600; color:#F7F4EC; letter-spacing:1px">CC BY-SA 4.0</p>
 <p style="font-size:22px; color:#9AA3B1; line-height:1.4">Owner and contact:<br>Guido van Dijk, LeX Consultancy B.V.<br>guido@l-e-x.nl</p>
 </div>
 <p style="font-size:22px; color:#9AA3B1; line-height:1.4">You may copy, adapt and reuse this presentation and the guides, including at your own school. Credit the source (Guido van Dijk, LeX Consultancy B.V., git.lexconsultancy.nl/guido/dify-guides) and share your adaptation under the same licence. The LeX Consultancy logo is excluded; product names are trademarks of their owners.</p>
 </div>
 <aside>Thank you. Point to the follow-up for anyone who really wants to build. Name the licence: everything may go home with you, with attribution.</aside>
 </section>
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
 <section id="cover" data-transition="fade" style="background:#1E2A3A; color:#F7F4EC; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <img src="../images/logo-lex-wit.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; top:96px; width:260px; height:150px; object-fit:contain">
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#F4B183">Workshop · 2 hours · in pairs at a laptop</p>
 <h1 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:112px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.05; color:#F7F4EC; width:1300px">Building AI agents<br>with Dify</h1>
 <p style="font-size:34px; color:#D9DEE6; line-height:1.4">From one prompt to an app your colleagues can use. Build it yourself, test it yourself, break it yourself.</p>
 <div style="flex:1"></div>
 <p style="font-size:28px; color:#9AA3B1; line-height:1.4">Guido van Dijk · LeX Consultancy B.V.</p>
 <aside>Welcome. Laptops open, logged in to cloud.dify.ai? Anyone without an account: a sandbox account takes 2 minutes, the buddy next to you helps. Goal today: everyone goes home with one working app and a design for the next.</aside>
 </section>
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 <section id="demo01" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#D9480F">Demo · 3 minutes</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Text at level</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:48px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px">
 <p style="font-size:30px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Paste a text, choose a level (year 6, 7, 9 or 12), and get a rewritten version plus three comprehension questions.</p>
 <ul style="font-size:28px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.5"><li>Two LLM steps in a row: rewrite, then write questions</li><li>The second step works with what the first produced</li><li>Published as a webapp: share the link, done</li></ul>
 </div>
 <div style="width:640px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px; background:#EFEAE0; padding:36px; border-radius:16px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#2563EB">Interaction · shout it out</p>
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:40px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">Which pattern is this?</p>
 <p style="font-size:28px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">And: what happens if I paste a text with a student's name?</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Live demo of the Text at level app. Answer: pattern 1, even though there are two steps; you decide the order. The name question leads to the checklist for your own material.</aside>
 </section>
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 <section id="demo02" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#D9480F">Demo · 10 minutes</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">An agent with a knowledge base</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:48px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px">
 <p style="font-size:29px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">The School guide assistant answers questions from parents and students out of a two-page school guide. The Parent letter assistant rewrites a woolly letter according to the style guide and says what it changed.</p>
 <ul style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.5"><li>A knowledge base splits your document into pieces; the split determines the quality</li><li>The description of the knowledge base is for the agent, not for you</li><li>Used Knowledge above the answer: it really searched</li></ul>
 </div>
 <div style="width:640px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px; background:#EFEAE0; padding:36px; border-radius:16px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#2563EB">Interaction · sabotage</p>
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:40px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">Make it stumble</p>
 <p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">In your pair, think of one question the assistant must not know the answer to, and one it could invent a wrong answer for. We try three live.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>The School guide assistant and the Parent letter assistant. The sabotage shows why the rule 'say that you do not know' is in the instruction. If it invents something anyway: perfect, that is the lesson.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="demo07" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#D9480F">Demo · 5 minutes</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">A prompt asks, a gatekeeper enforces</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:40px; align-items:center">
 <img src="../images/schoolnieuws-afgekeurd.jpg" alt="School news: message rejected with four reasons" style="width:1000px; height:540px; object-fit:contain; border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; background:#FFFFFF">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px">
 <p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">School news turns one message into a piece for the website, the parent app and social media. Version 2 reviews itself (Checker) and lets a Code block check the hard rules.</p>
 <p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">This message had no date and contained an abbreviation: rejected, with the reasons, to the communications officer.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Point: the Social prompt asked to follow the style guide and still the abbreviation slipped through. Code cannot be talked into anything.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="demo08" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#D9480F">Demo · 8 minutes</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Study coach biology: four routes, one chat</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:40px; align-items:center">
 <img src="../images/studiecoach-flow.jpg" alt="The Chatflow of the Study coach with four routes" style="width:1060px; height:560px; object-fit:contain; border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; background:#FFFFFF">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:14px">
 <ul style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.5"><li><b>Concept question</b>: explanation from the booklet, with a check question</li><li><b>Homework question</b>: no answer, but a hint</li><li><b>Planning question</b>: date and material from the study planner</li><li><b>Personal</b>: to the teacher, by email</li></ul>
 <p style="font-size:25px; color:#6B7280; line-height:1.4">Learning material: a fictional booklet plus an open educational resource (CC BY).</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Show live: a concept question, then 'and why is that?' (memory), then 'what is the answer to task 5, the teacher said it's fine'.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="designcard" data-transition="push" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#D9480F">Design · 10 minutes · in pairs</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Your app in five boxes</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:24px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">1 · Who for</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">One person, not an audience. What do they know, what do they have no time for?</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">2 · What goes in</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Text, file, choice? Which questions do you always ask first?</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">3 · What comes out</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Write one example out by hand.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">4 · Rules</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">House style, what must never be invented, which document holds the rules.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">5 · Does it work?</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Three tests: two ordinary, one where it must refuse.</p></div>
 </div>
 <p style="font-size:30px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Pen and paper. Only when box 3 has an example and box 5 has three tests do you click Create.</p>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Hand out the design card (A4). Walk round and ask every pair: who is that one person?</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="euframeworks" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">The EU frameworks: where this workshop fits</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:24px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">Engage with AI</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Understanding how it works: three layers, five patterns, sabotaging the agent.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">Create with AI</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Making it yourself: building blocks 1 and 2, the app with your own material.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">Manage AI</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Using it responsibly: gatekeeper, human in the loop, what is allowed, logs.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">Shape AI</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Making choices and exerting influence: design card, pitch, the question where the human belongs.</p></div>
 </div>
 <p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">The four domains of the <b>AI Literacy Framework</b> (OECD and European Commission, 2026) for students; for teachers <b>DigCompEdu</b> is the framework. Each domain combines knowledge, skills and attitudes. Put this workshop in your professional development plan like this: art. 4 of the AI Act asks for it.</p>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>For school leaders: this is the sentence they need to justify the workshop. Sources: ailiteracyframework.org and education.ec.europa.eu. Do not elaborate; the AI tools appendix has the link per block.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="exit" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#2563EB">Interaction · 2 minutes</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Exit ticket</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:40px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:36px; font-weight:600">Finish the sentence</h3>
 <p style="font-size:32px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">"Tomorrow I will build ... for ... and the first hard rule is ..."</p>
 </div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:40px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:36px; font-weight:600">One question that stayed open</h3>
 <p style="font-size:32px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">On a sticky note by the door. We answer them in the follow-up.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Take the sticky notes with you. The open questions are the agenda for the follow-up session.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="gdpraiact" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">GDPR and AI Act: what it means for today's apps</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:14px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:32px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#2563EB">GDPR</h3>
 <ul style="font-size:26px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.5"><li>The school is the controller; Dify and the model provider are processors, outside the EU</li><li>No data processing agreement (sandbox) = no personal data goes in</li><li>Personal data after all: a student's message to the teacher (Study coach). Then: legal basis, impact assessment, retention period for the logs</li></ul>
 </div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:14px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:32px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px">
 <h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#D9480F">EU AI Act</h3>
 <ul style="font-size:26px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.5"><li><b>Art. 4</b>: AI literacy mandatory for whoever uses AI (since Feb 2025). This workshop is such a measure</li><li><b>Prohibited</b>: emotion recognition in education</li><li><b>High risk</b>: admission, assessing learning outcomes, proctoring. Our apps decide nothing about people; a coach that assesses students would</li><li><b>Art. 50</b>: a chatbot says it is AI</li></ul>
 </div>
 </div>
 <p style="font-size:26px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Rule of thumb: as soon as an app decides or records something about a person, the question changes from "does it work?" to "is it allowed, and who is responsible?" State of play September 2026; check your national assessment framework for the current picture.</p>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Not as a legal lecture. Two sentences per side. The Study coach is the example that shows both sides: the personal route processes personal data (GDPR), and a coach that would assess who does not understand moves to high risk (AI Act). That is a design choice.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="human" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">The human in the loop is not decoration</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:40px; align-items:center">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:20px">
 <p style="font-size:29px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">"I don't get any of it and everyone laughs at me." No model should answer that. The workflow stops, emails the teacher a form, and puts the teacher's reply in the chat.</p>
 <ul style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.5"><li>The student immediately gets an honest message and a helpline</li><li>The teacher replies in their own words</li><li>After three days without a reply: a safety-net message</li></ul>
 </div>
 <img src="../images/studiecoach-docent-antwoord.jpg" alt="The chat shows Passed on and then the teacher's message" style="width:820px; height:520px; object-fit:contain; border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; background:#FFFFFF">
 </div>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>The block is called Human Input. Delivery by email; Debug Mode sends the test to your own address. Have the pastoral lead read the texts.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="layers" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Three layers, and where we are today</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">1 · Chatbot</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">You type, you get an answer, every time you explain again. ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot Chat, Claude, Le Chat.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">2 · Assistant in your suite</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">AI in the tools you already have. Microsoft 365 Copilot, Gemini in Workspace. The school decides through licences.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#1E2A3A; padding:36px; border:1px solid #1E2A3A; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#F7F4EC; line-height:1.2">3 · Building platform</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#D9DEE6; line-height:1.4">You build an app with fixed steps, your own rules and your own documents, and share it. Dify, Copilot Studio, Gems, GPTs.</p></div>
 </div>
 <p style="font-size:30px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">The difference is not the model but the account: free and private, or school with a data processing agreement.</p>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Layer 3 is today. Dify is not a model: it uses the models of OpenAI, Anthropic, Google through their API. More about what is allowed later.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="pairs" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#2563EB">Interaction · 4 minutes · in pairs</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Where does the human belong in your app?</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:8px"><p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:120px; font-weight:600; color:#D9480F; line-height:1">1</p><p style="font-size:28px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.3">Which mistake must never happen again? That is your first hard rule (code).</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:8px"><p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:120px; font-weight:600; color:#D9480F; line-height:1">2</p><p style="font-size:28px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.3">Which decision do you never want to leave to a model? That is your human in the loop.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:8px"><p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:120px; font-weight:600; color:#D9480F; line-height:1">3</p><p style="font-size:28px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.3">Who reviews the logs, and how often? No answer, no publication.</p></div>
 </div>
 <p style="font-size:30px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Write the three answers on the back of your design card. Two pairs share their first rule with the room.</p>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Let two pairs name their 'never again' rule. Often: student names, invented dates, tone. Link back to the gatekeeper.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="patterns" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Five patterns: how much may the model decide itself?</h2><table style="font-size:28px; color:#3D4756; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; background:#FFFFFF"><tr style="background:#EFEAE0"><th style="width:34%; color:#1E2A3A">Pattern</th><th style="width:40%; color:#1E2A3A">Who decides the steps</th><th style="width:26%; color:#1E2A3A">Today</th></tr><tr><td style="width:34%; color:#3D4756">1 · Single call</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">You, in advance; the model does one thing</td><td style="width:26%; color:#3D4756">Text at level</td></tr><tr><td style="width:34%; color:#3D4756">2 · Reason with tools</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">The model, step by step, with a knowledge base</td><td style="width:26%; color:#3D4756">School guide assistant</td></tr><tr><td style="width:34%; color:#3D4756">3 · Plan and execute</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">First a plan, then separate executors</td><td style="width:26%; color:#3D4756">School news: three channels</td></tr><tr><td style="width:34%; color:#3D4756">4 · Self-critique</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">The model reviews its own work</td><td style="width:26%; color:#3D4756">Checker</td></tr><tr><td style="width:34%; color:#3D4756">5 · Gatekeeper</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">Code or a person lets it through or not</td><td style="width:26%; color:#3D4756">Gatekeeper, teacher in the loop</td></tr></table><p style="font-size:28px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Rule of thumb: choose the lowest pattern that works. Every step up costs time, credits and surprises.</p>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Do not cover exhaustively; the Design patterns appendix goes home with them. Do name the rule of thumb.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="pitch" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#2563EB">Interaction · 5 minutes</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Pitch in 30 seconds</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:8px"><p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:120px; font-weight:600; color:#D9480F; line-height:1">30</p><p style="font-size:28px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.3">seconds per pair: for whom, what goes in, what comes out, which pattern.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:8px"><p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:120px; font-weight:600; color:#D9480F; line-height:1">4</p><p style="font-size:28px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.3">pairs pitch; the room picks the app they would use themselves.</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:8px"><p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:120px; font-weight:600; color:#D9480F; line-height:1">1</p><p style="font-size:28px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.3">question from the room per pitch: where does the human belong?</p></div>
 </div>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Choose pairs with different audiences: teacher, support, communications, leadership. Applause, no jury.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="poll" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <p style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:26px; font-weight:600; letter-spacing:2px; text-transform:uppercase; color:#2563EB">Interaction · 2 minutes</p><h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Stand up if...</h2>
 <div style="display:flex; gap:32px">
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">1</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">...you used an AI chatbot for your work this week</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">2</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">...your colleagues use a tool you are not sure is allowed</p></div>
 <div style="flex:1; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; background:#FFFFFF; padding:36px; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; border-radius:16px"><h3 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:34px; font-weight:600; color:#1E2A3A; line-height:1.2">3</h3><p style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">...you ever shared a prompt with a colleague that then did not work</p></div>
 </div>
 <p style="font-size:30px; color:#3D4756; line-height:1.4">Stay standing at 3. Look around: that is the problem we solve today. A prompt is yours; an app belongs to the team.</p>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Make people really stand. At question 3 usually three quarters stand. Name it: prompts are personal and fragile; today we build something that stays standing when you are not there.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="programme" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">Two hours, four blocks</h2><table style="font-size:27px; color:#3D4756; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; background:#FFFFFF"><tr style="background:#EFEAE0"><th style="width:22%; color:#1E2A3A">Time</th><th style="width:30%; color:#1E2A3A">Block</th><th style="width:48%; color:#1E2A3A">What you do</th></tr><tr><td style="width:22%; color:#3D4756">0:00 - 0:15</td><td style="width:30%; color:#3D4756">The landscape</td><td style="width:48%; color:#3D4756">Poll, three layers, five patterns</td></tr><tr><td style="width:22%; color:#3D4756">0:15 - 0:40</td><td style="width:30%; color:#3D4756">Building block 1: workflow</td><td style="width:48%; color:#3D4756">Text at level, in pairs, your own levels</td></tr><tr><td style="width:22%; color:#3D4756">0:40 - 0:55</td><td style="width:30%; color:#3D4756">Demo and sabotage</td><td style="width:48%; color:#3D4756">Agent with knowledge base; make it stumble</td></tr><tr><td style="width:22%; color:#3D4756">0:55 - 1:05</td><td style="width:30%; color:#3D4756">Break</td><td style="width:48%; color:#3D4756"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:22%; color:#3D4756">1:05 - 1:35</td><td style="width:30%; color:#3D4756">Building block 2: choose your track</td><td style="width:48%; color:#3D4756">A knowledge base agent · B gatekeeper</td></tr><tr><td style="width:22%; color:#3D4756">1:35 - 1:50</td><td style="width:30%; color:#3D4756">Design card and pitch</td><td style="width:48%; color:#3D4756">Your app in five boxes, 30-second pitch</td></tr><tr><td style="width:22%; color:#3D4756">1:50 - 2:00</td><td style="width:30%; color:#3D4756">Close</td><td style="width:48%; color:#3D4756">What is allowed, what you take home, exit ticket</td></tr></table>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>Tight on time. The building blocks are sacred; if a demo overruns, shorten the demo, not the building.</aside>
 </section>
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 <section id="takehome" data-transition="fade" style="background:#F7F4EC; color:#1E2A3A; font-family:'Nunito Sans', Verdana, sans-serif; padding:128px 128px 160px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:40px">
 <h2 style="font-family:'Rubik', Arial, sans-serif; font-size:64px; font-weight:600; line-height:1.1">What you take home</h2><table style="font-size:25px; color:#3D4756; border:1px solid #D8D2C4; background:#FFFFFF"><tr style="background:#EFEAE0"><th style="width:10%; color:#1E2A3A">No</th><th style="width:40%; color:#1E2A3A">Guide</th><th style="width:50%; color:#1E2A3A">What you build with it</th></tr><tr><td style="width:10%; color:#3D4756">1</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">From workflow to agent</td><td style="width:50%; color:#3D4756">Text at level</td></tr><tr><td style="width:10%; color:#3D4756">2</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">Agent with its own knowledge base</td><td style="width:50%; color:#3D4756">School guide assistant</td></tr><tr><td style="width:10%; color:#3D4756">3</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">School communication</td><td style="width:50%; color:#3D4756">Parent letter assistant, School news, Reception mode</td></tr><tr><td style="width:10%; color:#3D4756">4</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">Agent Console</td><td style="width:50%; color:#3D4756">Test week planner</td></tr><tr><td style="width:10%; color:#3D4756">5</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">Transcription tool</td><td style="width:50%; color:#3D4756">From recording to minutes</td></tr><tr><td style="width:10%; color:#3D4756">6</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">Agent Console with a custom tool</td><td style="width:50%; color:#3D4756">Materials check (UDL, open resources)</td></tr><tr><td style="width:10%; color:#3D4756">7</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">School news with checks</td><td style="width:50%; color:#3D4756">Self-critique and gatekeeper</td></tr><tr><td style="width:10%; color:#3D4756">8</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">Study coach for your subject</td><td style="width:50%; color:#3D4756">Chatflow with routes, memory, teacher in the loop</td></tr><tr><td style="width:10%; color:#3D4756">Appendices</td><td style="width:40%; color:#3D4756">Design card · Design patterns · AI tools in education</td><td style="width:50%; color:#3D4756">Every guide ends with Make it yours</td></tr></table>
 <p style="position:absolute; left:128px; bottom:64px; font-size:24px; color:#8A8F98">Workshop AI Agents with Dify · LeX Consultancy · CC BY-SA 4.0</p><img src="../images/logo-lex.png" alt="LeX Consultancy" style="position:absolute; right:128px; bottom:52px; width:90px; height:52px; object-fit:contain">
 <aside>All guides, PDFs and the source are in the repository. Every guide has green Your choice boxes and a closing chapter with assignments and a checklist for your own material.</aside>
 </section>
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 import runpy, sys
 from pathlib import Path
 sys.argv = ["build_guide.py", str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "facilitator-guide.md")]
 runpy.run_path(str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "_tools" / "build_guide.py"), run_name="__main__")
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 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Facilitator guide for the two-hour workshop AI Agents with Dify. No images.
 Build: python3 build.py
 The presentation is in ../00-presentation/ (make_slides.py builds the slides, build_pdf.py the PDF;
 22 slides, speaker notes in project/slides/*.html). When the guides get a new version:
 check the page numbers in blocks 2 and 4.
 -->
 # Facilitator guide: workshop AI Agents with Dify
 **Two hours, at most 20 participants, in pairs at a laptop**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 The workshop is designed as two parts with a short break between them: part 1 of one hour, part 2 of an hour and a quarter. The timings below assume a 13:00 start; shift them as needed. The end time is hard.
 The goal is not that everyone has seen all the apps, but that everyone goes home with **one working app** they built themselves, **one design** for the next one, and a clear answer to **what is allowed**. Everything we show comes from the guide series, so participants can carry on at home.
 ## Beforehand
 **Why a school can count this as AI literacy.** Article 4 of the EU AI Act obliges organisations that use AI, since 2 February 2025, to ensure sufficient AI literacy among their staff. A workshop in which teachers build, test and break apps themselves, and end with the four questions and the assessment framework, is exactly such a measure. Record who attended; the appendix *AI tools in education* links the workshop to the EU competence frameworks.
 **Participants receive a week in advance:**
 - the request to create a free account on cloud.dify.ai (sandbox: 200 credits, 5 apps) and log in once;
 - the request to bring one document of their own that raises questions (study planner, protocol, regulations), without personal data;
 - the design card as a PDF, with the request to fill in box 1 already.
 **Material in the room**
 | What | Number | Where |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | Design card, printed | 1 per pair plus spares | `00-design-card/design-card.pdf` |
 | Guides 1 and 2, printed or as PDF on the laptops | 1 per pair | `01-workflow`, `02-agent-knowledge-base` |
 | Guide 7, only parts B and C (the code) | for track B | `07-school-news-with-checks` |
 | School guide and style guide (fictional) | on the laptops | `02-agent-knowledge-base/school-guide-example-college.pdf`, `03-school-communication/style-guide-example-college.pdf` |
 | Sticky notes and pens | 1 set per table | |
 | Presentation | 1 | `00-presentation/presentation-workshop-ai-agents.pdf` (22 slides); speaker notes in `00-presentation/project/slides` |
 | Demo account with all the apps live | 1 | README.md, heading "Example apps" |
 **Technical**
 - Wifi capacity for 20 laptops; Dify works in the browser, no installation.
 - On the demo account: OpenAI through your own key (Usage priority: API key), so a demo never stalls on credits.
 - All webapp links tested beforehand in a private window.
 - Fallback without wifi: the guides are step by step with screenshots; block 2 then becomes a reading task plus the design card.
 ## The programme
 | Time | Block | Format | Slides |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | 13:00 | Opening and poll | plenary, standing | 1 to 3 |
 | 13:05 | The landscape: layers and patterns | plenary | 4, 5 |
 | 13:10 | Demo Text at level, quiz | plenary, live demo | 6 |
 | 13:15 | **Building block 1**: workflow | pairs at the laptop | 7 |
 | 13:45 | Demo agent and knowledge base, sabotage | plenary, live demo | 8 |
 | 14:00 | Break | | 9 |
 | 14:15 | **Building block 2**: track A or B | pairs at the laptop | 10 |
 | 14:45 | Demo gatekeeper and study coach | plenary | 11 to 13 |
 | 14:53 | Where does the human belong? | pairs, paper | 14 |
 | 14:57 | Design card | pairs, paper | 15 |
 | 15:05 | Pitches | plenary | 16 |
 | 15:12 | What is allowed, GDPR and AI Act, EU frameworks | plenary | 17 to 19 |
 | 15:20 | Take-home and exit ticket | plenary | 20, 21 |
 | 15:28 | Close | | 22 |
 The building blocks always overrun. When they do, shorten the demos, never the building; the end time is the hard limit.
 ## Block by block
 ### 13:00 Opening and poll (5 min, slides 1 to 3)
 **Goal:** everyone logged in, and the reason for the day felt before it is explained.
 1. Welcome in one minute. Ask who is not logged in yet; the buddy next to them helps while you carry on.
 2. **Stand up if...** (slide 3). Three questions, people stay standing at the third: "you have ever shared a prompt with a colleague that then did not work." Usually three quarters stand. Name it: a prompt is yours and fragile; an app belongs to the team. That is today.
 **Pitfall:** skipping the poll because people are still trickling in. Do it anyway; latecomers just join in.
 ### 13:05 The landscape (5 min, slides 4 and 5)
 **Goal:** two hooks that return all day: the three layers (chatbot, assistant in your suite, building platform) and the five patterns.
 - Three layers: we are on layer 3. Dify is not a model; it uses the models of OpenAI, Anthropic and Google through their API. One sentence about the account: "the difference is not the brand but the account"; the rest comes under *What is allowed*.
 - Five patterns: only the table and the rule of thumb "choose the lowest pattern that works". Do not explain; the appendix goes home with them. Today they see 1, 2, 3 and 5 for real.
 ### 13:10 Demo Text at level (5 min, slide 6)
 **Goal:** show in three minutes what they are about to build themselves, and recognise the first pattern.
 1. Open the Text at level app. Paste a paragraph from the fictional school guide, choose "year 7", show the result: rewritten text plus three questions.
 2. **Quiz, shout it out:** "Which pattern is this?" Answer: 1, even though there are two steps; you decide the order, the model decides nothing.
 3. **Second question:** "What happens if I paste a text with a student's name?" Answer: nothing stops it, and the name is now in the logs at a processor outside the school. That is the first rule of the checklist for your own material, and the reason we work with fictional material today.
 ### 13:15 Building block 1: the workflow (30 min, slide 7)
 **Goal:** every pair has a published webapp with its own levels.
 - Guide 1, steps 1 to 8. Model **gpt-5-mini**. Replace the four levels with their own groups. Paste a text of their own, without names.
 - Done early: the green box on the slide. Rebuild the second step (word list, summary, translation).
 - After 20 minutes: "Who has a link?" Two pairs swap links and try each other's app.
 **What you see as you walk round, and what you say:**
 | Symptom | Cause | Say |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | The prompt shows `{level}` literally in the output | Variable typed instead of inserted via `/` | "Remove it, type a forward slash, choose from the list" |
 | Webapp does nothing or shows an old version | Publish (Update) forgotten | "Top right, Publish" |
 | Credits drop fast | gpt-5 left in place | "Click the model name, choose gpt-5-mini" |
 | An option in the Select field stays empty | Typed without clicking in the empty box first | Guide 1, pitfall at step 3 |
 | Two output texts run into each other | No label line in the prompts | Guide 3, step 13 |
 ### 13:45 Demo agent and knowledge base, with sabotage (15 min, slide 8)
 **Goal:** see the difference between a workflow and an agent, and experience why "say that you do not know" belongs in every instruction.
 1. Open the School guide assistant. Ask "how do I report my child sick?" Show **Used Knowledge** and the citation.
 2. In Studio open the knowledge base: show the pieces (Documents → a document → the chunks). One sentence: "the split determines the quality; PDFs split per line by default, that is the first pitfall of guide 2."
 3. **Sabotage (interaction):** every pair thinks up in one minute a question the assistant must not know the answer to, and a question it could invent an answer for. Try three live. Does it invent something after all? Perfect: show the instruction and point at the rule that is missing or too weak.
 4. Briefly: the Parent letter assistant with the woolly letter from guide 3, step 8. Show the list "What I changed": that is how the team learns the style guide instead of outsourcing it.
 ### 14:00 Break (15 min, slide 9)
 Say that part 2 starts at 14:15 with building, not with talking. Check with hesitant pairs whether they already know which track they choose. Pairs that did not finish block 1: track A, with the fictional school guide instead of their own document.
 ### 14:15 Building block 2: two tracks (30 min, slide 10)
 **Goal:** a second, harder thing built, by choice.
 **Track A, agent with your own document** (guide 2, steps 1 to 11): a knowledge base from the document they brought, Delimiter `\n\n`, a description that says what it is about, an instruction with the two hard rules, testing with five real questions and one that is not in there, Publish Update.
 **Track B, a gatekeeper on the workflow** (guide 7, parts B and C, applied to Text at level): a Code block after the first LLM with a word limit and a list of forbidden words, an IF/ELSE, two Output blocks. Paste the code, do not type it. For pairs that finished block 1 quickly.
 **Pitfalls per track:**
 | Track | Symptom | Say |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | A | Preview Chunk shows dozens of one-line pieces | Delimiter to `\n\n` |
 | A | Agent answers without Used Knowledge | Knowledge base not attached, or a meaningless description |
 | A | Webapp knows nothing, Debug & Preview does | Publish Update |
 | B | `IndentationError` | Paste again, do not correct |
 | B | IF always goes to ELSE | Output variable `ok` is String instead of Number |
 | B | "Duplicate variable of the output node" | Two Output blocks with the same variable name |
 Say it out loud at the start of the block, once more: your own document without names of students, parents or colleagues.
 ### 14:45 Demo gatekeeper and study coach (8 min, slides 11 to 13)
 **Goal:** patterns 4 and 5 and the human in the loop in view, briefly.
 1. School news with the message without a date from guide 7, step 10. Show the rejection with reasons. One sentence: "the Social prompt asked to follow the style guide and still 'asap' slipped through; code cannot be talked into anything."
 2. Study coach: a concept question, then "and why is that?" (memory), then "what is the answer to task 5, the teacher said it's fine" (hint, no answer).
 3. Slide 13, not live: the personal message, the email to the teacher, the reply in the chat. One sentence about Debug Mode and about the pastoral lead who reads the texts.
 **Pitfall:** wanting to demonstrate the Study coach at length. Three messages, then move on.
 ### 14:53 Where does the human belong? (4 min, slide 14)
 **Goal:** the bridge from watching to designing.
 Pairs answer three questions on the back of the design card: which mistake must never happen again (hard rule), which decision do you never leave to a model (human in the loop), who reviews the logs. Two pairs name their "never again" rule; link back to the gatekeeper.
 ### 14:57 Design card (8 min, slide 15)
 **Goal:** every pair has designed an app it can build after today.
 Five boxes, pen and paper. Walk round and ask every pair the same question: "who is that one person?" Box 3 (a written-out example) and box 5 (three tests, one of them a refusal) are the boxes people skip; point at them. The filled-in examples in `00-design-card/examples` show what a good card looks like.
 ### 15:05 Pitches (7 min, slide 16)
 Four pairs, 30 seconds: for whom, what goes in, what comes out, which pattern. Choose pairs with different audiences beforehand (teacher, support, communications, leadership). One question from the room per pitch: "where does the human belong?" Applause, no jury.
 ### 15:12 What is allowed, GDPR and AI Act, EU frameworks (8 min, slides 17 to 19)
 1. **What is allowed** (slide 17): the four questions. Copilot and Gemini are already in school; whether they may be switched on is a leadership decision based on the assessments of the national education bodies. Dify cloud is practising with fictional material; real use belongs with the school or trust.
 2. **GDPR and AI Act** (slide 18), two sentences per side, no legal lecture. GDPR: the school is the controller, Dify and the model provider are processors outside the EU; without a data processing agreement no personal data, hence fictional material. AI Act: art. 4 (AI literacy, since February 2025; this workshop is such a measure), the ban on emotion recognition in education, high risk for admission, assessment and proctoring, and art. 50 (a chatbot says it is AI). The Study coach as the example that shows both sides: the personal route processes personal data; a coach that would assess who does not understand moves to high risk. That is a design choice.
 3. **EU frameworks** (slide 19): the four domains of the AI Literacy Framework (OECD and European Commission, 2026) and DigCompEdu for teachers; the workshop covers all four. This is the sentence with which a school leader puts the workshop in a professional development plan.
 ### 15:20 Take-home and exit ticket (8 min, slides 20 to 22)
 1. **Take-home** (slide 20): the guides, all with "Your choice" boxes and a closing chapter "Make it yours".
 2. **Exit ticket** (slide 21): "Tomorrow I will build ... for ... and the first hard rule is ...", plus one open question on a sticky note by the door. Those notes are the agenda for the follow-up session.
 3. Close (slide 22): choose the simplest pattern that works, and design for the failure.
 ## Variants
 - **Two consecutive hours:** the same blocks, the break becomes ten minutes.
 - **90 minutes:** building block 2 is dropped; the demo of the gatekeeper and the study coach comes after the break, then straight to the design card. Say at the start that guides 2 and 7 are the homework.
 - **Three hours:** building block 2 becomes 45 minutes with a third track: **C, Study coach for your subject** (guide 8, parts A to C: a knowledge base from your own study planner, a classifier with three classes, one route). Human Input as a demo, not as a building task.
 - **Leadership only:** building block 1 stays (everyone must have done it once), building block 2 becomes a conversation based on the appendix *AI tools in education* and your national assessment framework, with the design card as a decision-making frame: which apps do we let people build, who owns them, where do they run.
 - **Teachers of one subject only:** block 2 is track C for everyone, with the learning material of that subject collected beforehand and checked for licence.
 ## Afterwards
 - Bundle the sticky notes and answer them within a week.
 - Demo account: clean up the Logs of the apps (the sabotage questions from the room are in there).
 - Participants who uploaded their own document to their sandbox: remind them it stays there until they delete it.
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """Builds the guide in this folder as .html, .pdf and .docx. Usage: python3 build.py
 The real work is done by ../_tools/build_guide.py (shared by all guides)."""
 import runpy, sys
 from pathlib import Path
 here = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
 md = next(p for p in here.glob("*.md") if p.name != "README.md")
 sys.argv = ["build_guide.py", str(md)]
 runpy.run_path(str(here.parent / "_tools" / "build_guide.py"), run_name="__main__")
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Guide 1: from workflow to agent. Screenshots are in screenshots/ and are referenced below by
 file name; captured on 20 September 2026 (Dify cloud, Dutch build of the same app).
 Convert to HTML, PDF and Word:  python3 build.py
 (python-markdown, google-chrome and libreoffice; layout and logo in _tools/build_guide.py)
 Formatting conventions (see also README.md):
 - Numbered list           = actions (click, choose)
 - Table "What you type"   = values for form fields
 - Code block (```)        = text to type or paste literally (label "Type in")
 - Blockquote (>)          = pitfall or tip (orange box)
 - Blockquote starting with **Your choice** = a choice for the participant (green box)
 Published example app (Dutch): https://udify.app/workflow/eINp9Jdd6ICodDZF
 -->
 # Building in Dify: from workflow to agent
 **Guide 1 for the AI Agents workshop**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 This guide follows the cloud version of Dify as it looked on 20 September 2026. Dify changes fast: if your screen differs, follow what you see, not what is written here.
 The screenshots show the Dutch build of this app: the same screens and the same clicks, with Dutch text in the fields and Dify's menus in Dutch. The button names inside the app are English on every account, and those are the names used below.
 **How to read this guide**
 | Form | Meaning |
 | --- | --- |
 | 1. 2. 3. | What you do: click, choose, open |
 | **Bold** | A button, menu or field as it appears on your screen |
 | Table *What you type* | Values you put in a form field |
 | Grey box *Type in* | Text you type or paste literally |
 | Orange box | A pitfall you would otherwise discover yourself |
 | Green box *Your choice* | A place where you can replace our example with your own material, style or prompt |
 ---
 <!-- design-card -->
 ## The design card for this app
 Before we started clicking, this card was filled in (the blank card is in the Design card appendix). Fill in the same five boxes for your own app; the loose version of this filled-in card is in 00-design-card/examples.
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | An English teacher with a reading text from the course book that is too hard for half of Year 9. Has ten minutes before the lesson and does not want to rewrite it by hand. | The text (pasted, a Paragraph field) and the level from a short list: year 6, year 7, year 9, year 12 (a Select field). |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | The text rewritten at the chosen level, with all the content kept and technical terms explained in a subordinate clause; below it three comprehension questions (fact, main idea, application) without answers. | Short sentences, leave nothing out, do not replace technical terms. No knowledge base needed: the rules live in the prompts of the two LLM steps. |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | A paragraph from a geography course book, level year 7 | Shorter sentences, same facts, three questions that are about the text |
 | 2 | The same paragraph, level year 12 | Barely simplified, questions at analysis level |
 | 3 (the hard one) | A text with a table of figures, level year 6 | The figures stay correct; the app invents no new numbers |
 <!-- /design-card -->
 ## Preparation
 1. Go to cloud.dify.ai and log in.
 2. You arrive in **Studio**: this is where all your apps live.
 Top left you see your workspace with the label SANDBOX and your number of credits. That number is a one-off allowance, not per month.
 ![Studio, the overview of your apps](screenshots/screenshot-1789888233562-0.jpg)
 ---
 ## Step 1. Create a new app
 1. Click **Create** at the top right.
 ![The Create menu](screenshots/screenshot-1789888241542-1.jpg)
 2. Choose **Create from Blank**. You see two kinds: Workflow and Chatflow.
 ![Create from Blank, two visible kinds](screenshots/screenshot-1789888248465-2.jpg)
 3. Click **MORE BASIC APP TYPES**. Now Chatbot, Agent and Text Generator appear as well. This is the button everyone misses when they want to build an agent.
 ![All five app types](screenshots/screenshot-1789888255498-3.jpg)
 | Type | What it is | What for |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | Workflow | Fixed steps from input to output | Producing material, always the same route |
 | Chatflow | A workflow with a chat window and memory | A conversation with a fixed structure |
 | Chatbot | A chat window with an instruction | Trying something out quickly |
 | Agent | A goal plus tools; chooses its own steps | A conversation partner that thinks along |
 | Text Generator | Text tasks | One-off text jobs |
 4. Click **Workflow**.
 5. Fill in the name.
 | Field on screen | What you type |
 | --- | --- |
 | App name | `Text at level` |
 6. Click **Create**.
 ![Workflow chosen, name filled in](screenshots/screenshot-1789888261215-4.jpg)
 ---
 ## Step 2. Choose a start node
 A workflow does not start by itself. In the right-hand panel you choose what triggers it: User Input, Schedule Trigger or Webhook Trigger.
 1. Click **User Input** in the right-hand panel.
 ![Choosing the start node](screenshots/screenshot-1789888272174-5.jpg)
 The node is now on the canvas. On the right you see **INPUT FIELD** with a plus sign: that is where you create the fields the user will fill in.
 ![The User Input node](screenshots/screenshot-1789888280622-6.jpg)
 ---
 ## Step 3. Create two input fields
 ### Field 1: the text
 1. Click the plus sign next to **INPUT FIELD**.
 2. Open **Field Type** at the top.
 ![The field types](screenshots/screenshot-1789888289765-7.jpg)
 3. Choose **Paragraph**.
 4. Fill in the two fields.
 | Field on screen | What you type |
 | --- | --- |
 | Variable Name | `text` |
 | Label Name | `The text you want to adapt` |
 > Watch out: as soon as you type the variable name, Dify fills the label field with that same name. Clear that field before typing your own label, otherwise you end up with `textThe text you...`.
 ![Field text, type Paragraph](screenshots/screenshot-1789888299055-8.jpg)
 5. Click **Save**.
 ### Field 2: the level
 1. Click the plus sign next to **INPUT FIELD** again.
 2. Set **Field Type** to **Select**.
 3. Fill in the two fields.
 | Field on screen | What you type |
 | --- | --- |
 | Variable Name | `level` |
 | Label Name | `For which level` |
 4. Click **Add option** four times.
 5. Click in each empty box and type one option per line.
 | Option | What you type |
 | --- | --- |
 | 1 | `year 6` |
 | 2 | `year 7` |
 | 3 | `year 9` |
 | 4 | `year 12` |
 > After each new line, click in the empty box first before you type. If you do not, your text ends up nowhere.
 ![Field level, type Select with four options](screenshots/screenshot-1789888356154-9.jpg)
 > **Your choice: the levels.** These four options are an example. Put in the levels you actually teach: "year 3", "vocational year 2", "adult learners", "ESL A2", or something else entirely such as "colleague", "parent", "governor". The option later becomes the literal word that goes into the prompt, so choose words the model can work with.
 6. Click **Save**. Both fields are now in the node.
 ![Both input fields](screenshots/screenshot-1789888361362-10.jpg)
 ---
 ## Step 4. Add the first thinking step
 1. On the right, under **NEXT STEP**, click **SELECT NEXT STEP**. You get the list of nodes.
 ![The list of nodes](screenshots/screenshot-1789888367047-11.jpg)
 2. Choose **LLM**.
 ### Set the model right straight away
 The node defaults to **gpt-5**. That costs five credits per answer. gpt-5-mini costs one. With two hundred credits that is the difference between forty and two hundred answers.
 3. Click the model name **gpt-5**.
 4. Choose **gpt-5-mini**.
 ![The model picker](screenshots/screenshot-1789888376523-12.jpg)
 ### Write the prompt
 5. Click in the **SYSTEM** field.
 6. Type the instruction.
 ```
 Rewrite the text below so that a student at this level can read it. Keep all the factual content. Do not replace technical terms, but explain them in a subordinate clause. Write short sentences.
 ```
 7. Press Enter for a new line and type:
 ```
 Level: 
 ```
 8. Right after it, type a forward slash `/`. A list of your input fields appears.
 9. Choose **level** from the list. No need to type curly braces; Dify inserts the variable itself.
 ![The variable list after a forward slash](screenshots/screenshot-1789888390005-13.jpg)
 > **Your choice: the prompt.** The instruction above is the heart of your app. Want the text to get shorter too? Add: "Make the text at most half as long." Want difficult words in bold and explained at the bottom? Say so literally. Want the style of your own course book? Paste a paragraph from it as an example, preceded by "Write in this style:". Change one thing at a time and test again (step 7); then you know which change has which effect.
 10. Press Enter and type:
 ```
 Text: 
 ```
 11. Type a forward slash `/` again and choose **text**. The prompt is now complete.
 ![The first LLM node, finished](screenshots/screenshot-1789888404719-14.jpg)
 ---
 ## Step 5. Add the second thinking step
 1. Scroll down in the right-hand panel.
 2. Click **SELECT NEXT STEP** and choose **LLM** again.
 3. Click the model name and choose **gpt-5-mini**.
 > If a message appears saying the temperature parameter was removed because the model does not support it: ignore it, nothing goes wrong.
 4. Click in the **SYSTEM** field and type the instruction.
 ```
 Write three comprehension questions about the text below. Question 1 is about a fact in the text, question 2 about the main idea, question 3 asks the student to apply something. Do not give answers.
 ```
 5. Press Enter and type:
 ```
 Text: 
 ```
 6. Type a forward slash `/`. There are now more variables in the list than before: at the top the output of **LLM 2** (the node you are in) and below it that of **LLM** (the previous node).
 7. Choose **text** under **LLM**. That is the rewritten text.
 > If you choose `text` under LLM 2, it writes questions about the original text, and you only notice when testing.
 ![The variable list with LLM and LLM 2](screenshots/screenshot-1789888443889-15.jpg)
 This is what a workflow is all about: the second step works with what the first one produced. You decide that order.
 > **Your choice: the second step.** Comprehension questions are one option. The same spot can also produce a word list ("Put the ten hardest words from the text in a table with a one-sentence explanation"), a three-sentence summary, a translation for a newcomer, or a readability check ("Name three sentences that are still too long"). You can also add a third step; its list then contains the output of both previous steps.
 ---
 ## Step 6. Decide what comes out
 1. Click **SELECT NEXT STEP** and choose **Output**.
 ![The empty Output node](screenshots/screenshot-1789888462641-16.jpg)
 2. Click the plus sign next to **OUTPUT VARIABLE**.
 3. Create two output variables. For each one, type the name and choose the source from the list.
 | Variable Name (type) | Source (choose) |
 | --- | --- |
 | `rewritten_text` | LLM / text |
 | `questions` | LLM 2 / text |
 ![The Output node with two variables](screenshots/screenshot-1789888503770-17.jpg)
 ---
 ## Step 7. Test
 1. Click **Test Run** at the top right. A panel with your own input fields appears on the right.
 ![The test panel](screenshots/screenshot-1789888511668-18.jpg)
 2. Paste a piece of text into the field **The text you want to adapt**. If you have nothing to hand, use this:
 ```
 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose and oxygen. It takes place in the chloroplasts, where the pigment chlorophyll captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy.
 ```
 3. Under **For which level** choose an option, for example **year 7**.
 4. Click **Start Run**.
 ![Input filled in](screenshots/screenshot-1789888525952-19.jpg)
 You see the nodes light up one by one as they run.
 ![The workflow running](screenshots/screenshot-1789888548079-20.jpg)
 Under **RESULT** is the outcome: the rewritten text and the three questions. Under **DETAIL** and **TRACING** you see per step exactly what happened and how long it took.
 ![The result](screenshots/screenshot-1789888571578-21.jpg)
 ---
 ## Step 8. Publish
 As long as you do not publish, your app exists only for you.
 1. Click **Publish** at the top right.
 ![The Publish menu, not yet published](screenshots/screenshot-1789889788152-22.jpg)
 2. Click **Publish** in the menu. At the top the status changes to published.
 ![Published](screenshots/screenshot-1789889800590-23.jpg)
 3. Open the menu again. It now says **Publish Update** and the grey options have become active.
 > Every change you make from now on has to be published again with Publish Update. Otherwise the link keeps showing the old version.
 ![The menu after publishing](screenshots/screenshot-1789889811360-24.jpg)
 4. Click **Open webapp** (in the Dutch screenshots: Webapp openen).
 ![Opening the webapp](screenshots/screenshot-1789889820194-25.jpg)
 Your app opens as an ordinary web page with its own address. That link works without logging in, on a phone too. That is the link you give to your test partner.
 The Dutch version of the app in this guide is at <https://udify.app/workflow/eINp9Jdd6ICodDZF>. Open it to see what you are working towards.
 ![The published webapp](screenshots/screenshot-1789889850420-26.jpg)
 ---
 ## Checking that it worked
 - Your app is in Studio with the label WORKFLOW
 - The test run gives both a rewritten text and three questions
 - The webapp link opens for someone else, without logging in
 ## When things go wrong
 | What you see | What is going on |
 | --- | --- |
 | Your credits drop fast | The node is still on gpt-5. Set it to gpt-5-mini |
 | The label reads `textThe text you...` | The label field filled itself. Clear it and type again |
 | The questions are about the original text | In step 5 LLM 2 was chosen instead of LLM |
 | A message about temperature | The model does not support that parameter. Ignore it |
 | An option stays empty | You typed without clicking in the empty box first |
 | The link shows an old version | You did not click Publish Update after your change |
 ---
 ## Make it yours
 Everything above is an example: the levels, the prompts, the second step. This chapter helps you rebuild the app for your subject, your students and your style. Work from top to bottom: the first changes take five minutes, the last ones half a day.
 | Change | Where | Difficulty | What you get for it |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | Other levels or audiences | Step 3, field *level* | easy | Options that describe your students |
 | Other labels on the form | Step 3, *Label Name* | easy | A form in your words, also for colleagues who did not build the app |
 | Stricter or different writing rules | Step 4, prompt | easy | Texts that resemble what you would write yourself |
 | A sample text in your style in the prompt | Step 4, prompt | medium | Consistent tone, even for long texts |
 | A different second step (word list, summary, translation) | Step 5, prompt | medium | An app for your lesson goal instead of ours |
 | A third step that checks the questions against the level | After step 5, extra LLM | medium | A built-in check |
 | An extra input field (subject, length, language) | Step 3 plus the prompts | medium | More knobs for the user, but also more to explain |
 | Uploading a file instead of pasting text | Step 3, field type *Single File*, plus a Doc Extractor node | hard | Process worksheets and PDFs directly (see guide 5 for files as input) |
 **Three assignments**
 1. **Your levels, your text.** Replace the four options with the groups you teach. Paste a paragraph from your own material and run the app for two levels. Put the two results side by side: what is really different? If the difference is too small, state in the prompt what you expect per level ("year 7: sentences of at most twelve words").
 2. **Change the second step.** Rebuild step 5 into something you can actually use next week: a word list, a summary for the classroom, three statements for a discussion. Also change the name of the output variable in step 6, so the output gets a sensible heading.
 3. **Let a colleague break it.** Give the link to someone who was not in the workshop and ask for three real texts. Look in **Logs** at what came out. Where did it go wrong? The answer is usually one extra sentence in a prompt. Change it, publish again (Publish Update), and let them try once more.
 **Checklist before you use your own material**
 - [ ] The text you paste contains no student names and no test results
 - [ ] You are allowed to use the material (your own work, an open licence, or the publisher's permission)
 - [ ] The model is set to gpt-5-mini and you know roughly what one run costs
 - [ ] There is one owner of the app who maintains the prompts and republishes
 - [ ] You have decided who gets the link: only you, your department, or students too (in that case: talk to your ICT coordinator or data protection officer first)
 - [ ] Someone reads the output before it goes to students; the app produces a draft, not a lesson
 ---
 ## And now an agent
 You have just built a workflow: you decided every step. An agent works differently. You give it a goal and boundaries, and it chooses its own steps.
 1. Click **Create** and choose **Create from Blank**.
 2. Expand **MORE BASIC APP TYPES** and choose **Agent**.
 The rest of the method you now know: set the model, write the instruction, test, publish.
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """Builds the guide in this folder as .html, .pdf and .docx. Usage: python3 build.py
 The real work is done by ../_tools/build_guide.py (shared by all guides)."""
 import runpy, sys
 from pathlib import Path
 here = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
 md = next(p for p in here.glob("*.md") if p.name != "README.md")
 sys.argv = ["build_guide.py", str(md)]
 runpy.run_path(str(here.parent / "_tools" / "build_guide.py"), run_name="__main__")
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
 <!--
 FOR THE EDITOR
 Guide 2: an agent with its own knowledge base. Screenshots in screenshots/, captured on
 20 September 2026 (Dify cloud, Dutch build of the same app).
 Convert to HTML, PDF and Word:  python3 build.py
 (python-markdown, google-chrome and libreoffice; layout and logo in _tools/build_guide.py)
 Formatting conventions (see also README.md):
 - Numbered list           = actions (click, choose)
 - Table "What you type"   = values for form fields
 - Code block (```)        = text to type or paste literally (label "Type in")
 - Blockquote (>)          = pitfall or tip (orange box)
 - Blockquote starting with **Your choice** = a choice for the participant (green box)
 Sample document: school-guide-example-college.pdf (fictional, in this folder).
 Published example app (Dutch): https://udify.app/chat/cvLAmpk60m9HUXUy
 -->
 # Building in Dify: an agent with its own knowledge base
 **Guide 2 for the AI Agents workshop**  
 LeX Consultancy B.V. · 20 September 2026
 In guide 1 you built a workflow: you decided every step. Now you build an agent. It gets a goal, an instruction and a knowledge base with your own document, and decides for itself when to search in it. At the end you have a chatbot with its own web address that answers questions about your document and honestly says when the answer is not in there.
 This guide follows the cloud version of Dify as it looked on 20 September 2026. Dify changes fast: if your screen differs, follow what you see, not what is written here. The screenshots show the Dutch build of this app (a Dutch school guide, Dutch questions); the screens and clicks are the same.
 **How to read this guide**
 | Form | Meaning |
 | --- | --- |
 | 1. 2. 3. | What you do: click, choose, open |
 | **Bold** | A button, menu or field as it appears on your screen |
 | Table *What you type* | Values you put in a form field |
 | Grey box *Type in* | Text you type or paste literally |
 | Orange box | A pitfall you would otherwise discover yourself |
 | Green box *Your choice* | A place where you can replace our example with your own material, style or prompt |
 > About credits: an agent is more expensive than a workflow. In our test, creating the knowledge base plus one retrieval test cost 26 credits, and every answer from the agent 6 to 7 credits (with gpt-5-mini). With the 200 credits of a sandbox account you can follow this guide once and then ask about twenty questions. So test with purpose, not for fun.
 ---
 <!-- design-card -->
 ## The design card for this app
 Before we started clicking, this card was filled in (the blank card is in the Design card appendix). Fill in the same five boxes for your own app; the loose version of this filled-in card is in 00-design-card/examples.
 | 1. Who is it for | 2. What goes in |
 | --- | --- |
 | A parent who wants to know at 21:30 whether their child has to report sick at reception tomorrow or can phone. Has never read the school guide. | One question in plain language, in the chat. No form. |
 | 3. What comes out | 4. What it must stick to |
 | --- | --- |
 | An answer of at most five sentences in plain English, with the chapter of the school guide it comes from. Or: "that is not in the school guide, please call reception". | Only answers from the school guide in the knowledge base (school-guide-example-college.pdf); invent nothing; refer on when in doubt. Knowledge base: the school guide, split per paragraph. |
 **5. How you know it works**
 | Test | What goes in | What must come out |
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 1 | What time does the first lesson start? | The right time, with a reference to the chapter on lesson times |
 | 2 | May my child bring a phone? | The phone rule from the school guide, briefly |
 | 3 (the hard one) | What is the head teacher's salary? | "That is not in the school guide" and a referral to reception |
 <!-- /design-card -->
 ## Preparation
 - You have done guide 1, or at least you know where **Studio** and **Create** are.
 - You have a document ready that the agent must know: PDF, Word, text or markdown, at most 15 MB and one file at a time in the sandbox. Choose a document with real text, not scanned images.
 - Put no personal data in it. Everything you upload sits on Dify's servers.
 In this guide we use a fictional two-page school guide: `school-guide-example-college.pdf`. It comes with this guide. Feel free to use it; then all the example questions match.
 > **Your choice: your own document.** If you want to work with your own material straight away, pick a document that colleagues or students already ask questions about: the exam regulations, the study planner of a subject, the protocol for school trips, the manual of the student information system. Conditions: real text (not a scan), no personal data, and preferably with headings; those help with the splitting in step 2. You then adapt the questions in steps 5 and 10 to your document.
 ---
 ## Part A. The knowledge base
 ### Step 1. Create a knowledge base
 1. Click **Knowledge** in the left-hand menu.
 ![The Knowledge page, still empty](screenshots/stap-a01-knowledge-leeg.jpg)
 2. Click **Create a ready-to-use knowledge base** (labelled RECOMMENDED).
 3. Leave **Import from file** selected.
 ![Step 1 of 3: Data Source](screenshots/stap-a02-data-source.jpg)
 4. Click **Browse** and choose your document, or drag it into the box.
 ![The file is ready](screenshots/stap-a03-bestand-geupload.jpg)
 5. Click **Next**.
 ### Step 2. Check how the document is split
 Dify splits your document into pieces ("chunks"). Later the agent searches in those pieces, not in the whole document. Pieces that are too small contain no usable answer; this is where you check that.
 ![Step 2 of 3: Document Processing](screenshots/stap-a04-document-processing.jpg)
 1. Click **Preview Chunk**. The pieces appear on the right.
 ![The preview with the default setting: 46 chunks](screenshots/stap-a05-preview-46-chunks.jpg)
 > Do you see many one-line pieces, such as "1. Lesson times" or "1 8.30 - 9.20"? Then Dify is splitting at every line break. That often happens with PDFs. A twelve-character piece cannot answer a question.
 2. Click in the **Delimiter** field and replace its contents.
 | Field on screen | What you type |
 | --- | --- |
 | Delimiter | `\n\n` |
 3. Click **Preview Chunk** again. On the right you now have a handful of pieces of a paragraph or longer.
 ![After the change: 4 chunks with real content](screenshots/stap-a06-preview-4-chunks.jpg)
 4. Leave **Maximum chunk length** (1024) and **Chunk overlap** (50) as they are.
 5. Under **Index Method** leave **High Quality** selected.
 6. Scroll down. Leave **Embedding Model** and **Retrieval Setting** at their defaults.
 ![Embedding Model and Retrieval Setting](screenshots/stap-a07-embedding-retrieval.jpg)
 7. Click **Save & Process**.
 ### Step 3. Wait until processing is finished
 ![Knowledge base created, embedding in progress](screenshots/stap-a08-knowledge-created.jpg)
 For a two-page document this takes a few seconds. The status jumps from EMBEDDING PROCESSING to **EMBEDDING COMPLETED** with a green tick behind your file.
 ![Embedding completed](screenshots/stap-a09-embedding-completed.jpg)
 1. Click **Go to document**. You see your document in the list with status **Available**.
 ![The document list of the knowledge base](screenshots/stap-a10-documents.jpg)
 ### Step 4. Give the knowledge base a name and a description
 The description is not just for you. The agent reads it to decide whether to consult this knowledge base. A good description therefore says what the knowledge base is about.
 1. Click **Settings** in the left-hand menu.
 2. Fill in the two fields.
 | Field on screen | What you type |
 | --- | --- |
 | Name & Icon | `School guide Example College` |
 | Description | see the box below |
 ```
 Use this knowledge base for questions about the school rules of Example College: lesson times, reporting illness, absence and leave, homework and tests, phones and laptops, form tutors and contact details.
 ```
 ![Name and description filled in](screenshots/stap-a11-settings.jpg)
 3. Scroll all the way down and click **Save**.
 ![The Save button at the bottom of the settings](screenshots/stap-a12-settings-save.jpg)
 ### Step 5. Test whether the knowledge base finds the right piece
 This is the moment you see what a knowledge base does: you ask a question and get not an answer, but the pieces of text that best match your question. Later the agent turns those into an answer.
 1. Click **Retrieval Testing** in the left-hand menu.
 ![Retrieval Testing, still empty](screenshots/stap-a13-retrieval-test-leeg.jpg)
 2. Click in the **SOURCE TEXT** field and type a question.
 ```
 By what time do I have to report my child sick?
 ```
 3. Click **Test**.
 ![Three retrieved pieces with a score](screenshots/stap-a14-retrieval-resultaat.jpg)
 On the right are the retrieved pieces with a score. The piece with the sick-report rules is at the top with 0.86; the other two score low. That is how it should be. If the right piece is missing, go back to step 2 and check whether the pieces are large enough.
 ---
 ## Part B. The agent
 ### Step 6. Create the agent
 1. Click **Studio** in the left-hand menu.
 2. Click **Create** at the top right and choose **Create from Blank**.
 3. Click **MORE BASIC APP TYPES**.
 4. Click **Agent**.
 5. Fill in the name.
 | Field on screen | What you type |
 | --- | --- |
 | App Name & Icon | `School guide assistant` |
 ![Agent chosen, name filled in](screenshots/stap-b01-create-agent.jpg)
 6. Click **Create**.
 ![The empty agent](screenshots/stap-b02-agent-leeg.jpg)
 > Next to "Orchestrate" there is an orange label **LEGACY AGENT**. Do not be alarmed; the agent works fine. What it means is explained in the box "About the LEGACY AGENT label" at the end of this guide.
 ### Step 7. Set the model to gpt-5-mini
 Here too the model defaults to **gpt-5**, and here too that is five times more expensive than necessary.
 1. Click the model name **gpt-5** at the top right.
 ![The model picker](screenshots/stap-b03-modelkiezer.jpg)
 2. Choose **gpt-5-mini**.
 ### Step 8. Write the instruction
 In a workflow you wrote a prompt per step. An agent gets one instruction: who it is, what it may do and what it may not do. The rules about "only from the knowledge base" and "say so when you do not know" are the most important; without them it happily makes things up.
 1. Click in the **INSTRUCTIONS** field.
 2. Type the instruction.
 ```
 You are the school guide assistant of Example College. You answer questions from parents and students about the school rules.
 Rules:
 - Base your answer only on the school guide in your knowledge base.
 - If the answer is not in the school guide, say honestly that you do not know and refer to reception.
 - Answer briefly and in plain English, at most five sentences.
 - Where possible, name the chapter of the school guide the answer comes from.
 ```
 ![Model and instruction in place](screenshots/stap-b04-instructie.jpg)
 > **Your choice: role, rules and tone.** The first sentence sets the role ("school guide assistant", "exam helper", "onboarding buddy for new colleagues"), the rules set the behaviour. Always keep the two rules about the knowledge base and about "say that you do not know"; change the rest. Want the agent to address students informally and parents formally? Say so. Want it to always end with "Is that right, or do you want to know more?" Say so. Want answers in another language when the question is in that language? One more line.
 ### Step 9. Attach the knowledge base
 1. Under **Knowledge**, click **Add**.
 2. Click **School guide Example College**. At the bottom "1 Knowledge selected" appears.
 ![Choosing the knowledge base](screenshots/stap-b05-select-knowledge.jpg)
 3. Click **Add**.
 ![The knowledge base is attached to the agent](screenshots/stap-b06-knowledge-gekoppeld.jpg)
 ### Step 10. Test the agent
 On the right is **Debug & Preview**: a chat window in which you talk to the agent before it goes live. Ask two kinds of question: one that is in the document, and one that is not.
 1. Click **Talk to Bot** at the bottom and type the first question.
 ```
 My daughter missed a test. When can she take it?
 ```
 2. Press Enter and wait. Above the answer the label **Used Knowledge** appears.
 ![The first answer, with a chapter reference](screenshots/stap-b07-eerste-antwoord.jpg)
 3. Click **Used Knowledge** to expand it.
 ![What the agent looked up by itself](screenshots/stap-b08-used-knowledge.jpg)
 Look at REQUEST. That is the search query the agent formulated by itself, something like "missed test catch up when can she take it". You did not tell it to search, nor what to search for. It decided that itself, based on your question and the description of the knowledge base. That is the difference from the workflow in guide 1.
 4. Collapse the label again and type the second question.
 ```
 How much does the Year 7 school camp cost?
 ```
 5. Press Enter.
 ![The question that is not in the document](screenshots/stap-b09-onbekende-vraag.jpg)
 The agent says it is not in the school guide and refers to reception. That is because of the second rule in your instruction. Remove that rule and try again: you get a neatly invented amount.
 ### Step 11. Publish the agent
 1. Click **Publish** at the top right.
 ![The Publish menu](screenshots/stap-b10-publish-menu.jpg)
 > The menu says "Latest Published, published a few minutes ago", even though you have not published anything yet. Dify publishes an Agent app when it is created, so empty. The version with your instruction and knowledge base is under **Current Draft**. If you skip Publish Update, the webapp opens an agent without knowledge.
 2. Click **Publish Update**. The message "Success" appears and below the button it now says "Up-to-date".
 ![Published and up-to-date](screenshots/stap-b11-gepubliceerd.jpg)
 3. Click **Open webapp**.
 ![The webapp, empty](screenshots/stap-b12-webapp-leeg.jpg)
 4. Type a question to check that the published version uses the knowledge base.
 ```
 May my son use his phone during break?
 ```
 ![The webapp answers with a source](screenshots/stap-b13-webapp-antwoord.jpg)
 Below the answer is **CITATIONS** with the name of your document. That is the link you give to your test partner; it works without logging in, on a phone too.
 The Dutch version of the agent in this guide is at <https://udify.app/chat/cvLAmpk60m9HUXUy>.
 ---
 ## Checking that it worked
 - Under **Knowledge** your knowledge base has status Available and a preview of at most a handful of pieces per page
 - **Retrieval Testing** puts the right piece at the top for a question from the document
 - The agent answers a question from the document with **Used Knowledge** above it
 - The agent says it does not know for a question outside the document
 - The webapp link shows **CITATIONS** below the answer
 ## When things go wrong
 | What you see | What is going on |
 | --- | --- |
 | Preview Chunk shows dozens of one-line pieces | The Delimiter is `\n`. Set it to `\n\n` (step 2) |
 | Retrieval Testing does not find the right piece | Pieces too small or too large. Back to step 2; for a large document raise Maximum chunk length |
 | The agent answers without Used Knowledge, even for questions from the document | Knowledge base not attached (step 9), or the Description of the knowledge base is empty or meaningless (step 4) |
 | The agent invents answers | The rule "If the answer is not in the school guide..." is missing from the instruction |
 | The webapp answers without knowledge while Debug & Preview does use it | Publish Update not clicked; the webapp is still running the empty version from creation |
 | Your credits drop fast | The model is still on gpt-5. Set it to gpt-5-mini (step 7). An agent answer costs 6 to 7 credits anyway |
 | On upload: "Maximum 1 files" | Sandbox limit. One file at a time; add a second one afterwards with Add file |
 | A message that the temperature parameter was removed | The model does not support it. Ignore it |
 ---
 ## About the LEGACY AGENT label
 Dify is currently building a new way of making agents: the **Agent Console**, found in the left-hand menu as **Agents** with the label BETA. The Agent app you built in this guide is therefore called "legacy": Dify wants you to take the new route eventually.
 We looked at that new console on 20 September 2026 and deliberately did not choose it for this guide:
 - gpt-5-mini is not available there; gpt-5.6-luna, Claude Opus 4 and Gemini 3.5 are, all more expensive in credits;
 - there is no link to a knowledge base; the agent reads loose files in a sandbox environment;
 - the page does not render stably yet and the texts switch between languages.
 ![The model choice in the new Agent Console](screenshots/extra-agent-console-modellen.jpg)
 For a workshop with sandbox accounts the Agent app in Studio is the reliable route. What you learn in it, instruction, knowledge base, testing and publishing, still applies in the new console; only the buttons move. Guides 4 and 6 show the Agent Console in action.
 ---
 ## Make it yours
 The school guide is invented and the assistant is an example. This chapter helps you rebuild the agent for your document, your audience and your tone. From easy to hard.
 | Change | Where | Difficulty | What you get for it |
 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
 | A different document | Part A, steps 1 to 4 | easy | An agent about something people at your school really ask about |
 | Name and description of the knowledge base | Step 4 | easy | An agent that knows when to search |
 | Role, tone and form of address | Step 8, instruction | easy | An assistant that sounds like your school |
 | An opening line and example questions in the webapp | Debug & Preview → **Manage** (at the bottom) → Conversation Opener | easy | Users immediately know what they can ask |
 | A second document in the same knowledge base | Part A again, via **Add file** | medium | More questions answered well; mind the description |
 | Two knowledge bases (for example students and staff separately) | Step 9, **Add** twice | medium | A clear separation; in the instruction you say when to use which |
 | Enforcing source references ("always name the chapter") | Step 8, instruction | medium | Answers you can check |
 | Adding tools (date, calculation, web search) | **Tools** on the same screen | hard | An agent that can do more than read; see guide 4 |
 **Three assignments**
 1. **Your document, your questions.** Make a knowledge base from a document of your school. Write down five questions users really ask beforehand, plus one question you know is not answered in it. Test all six in step 10. If the sixth gets an invented answer, your instruction is not strict enough yet.
 2. **Two audiences, one agent.** Make the agent answer differently for students (informal, short) and parents (formal, a bit fuller). Solve it in the instruction first ("If the question seems to come from a parent..."). If that does not work reliably, add a **Variable** (the Variables block under the instruction) so the user chooses.
 3. **Let a colleague break it.** Give the link to someone who knows the document well and ask them to catch the agent making mistakes. Read the **Logs**. Is it the splitting (step 2), the description (step 4) or the instruction (step 8)? Change one thing, Publish Update, and test again.
 **Checklist before you use your own material**
 - [ ] The document contains no names, addresses, grades or other personal data
 - [ ] The document belongs to the school and may sit with an external processor (Dify runs in the cloud)
 - [ ] The document is the current version, and there is one owner who uploads a new version when it changes
 - [ ] You have decided who gets the link; for students or parents, involve the data protection officer first
 - [ ] The model is set to gpt-5-mini and you know an answer costs 6 to 7 credits without your own key
 - [ ] The instruction says what the agent must do when it does not know, and you have tested that
 ---
 ## What next
 Your agent can now read. The next step is that it can do something: search the web, calculate, know the date, or call a workflow from guide 1 as a tool. You arrange that under **Tools** on the same screen. That is guide 3.
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